Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS - UMR 7257, Polytech Case 925, 13009 Marseille, France.
Aix-Marseille Université, AFMB UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France.
Viruses. 2020 Jul 17;12(7):772. doi: 10.3390/v12070772.
is a family of viruses harbouring important emerging pathogens belonging to the order. Like in other segmented negative strand RNA viruses, the nucleoprotein (NP) is a major actor of the viral life cycle being both (i) the necessary co-factor of the polymerase present in the L protein, and (ii) the last line of defence of the viral genome (vRNA) by physically hiding its presence in the cytoplasm. The NP is also one of the major players interfering with the immune system. Several structural studies of NP have shown that it features two domains: a globular RNA binding domain (NP-core) in its N-terminal and an exonuclease domain (ExoN) in its C-terminal. Further studies have observed that significant conformational changes are necessary for RNA encapsidation. In this review we revisited the most recent structural and functional data available on NP, compared to other nucleoproteins and explored the structural and functional implications. We review the variety of structural motif extensions involved in NP-NP binding mode. We also evaluate the major functional implications of NP interactome and the role of ExoN, thus making the NP a target of choice for future vaccine and antiviral therapy.
是一类病毒家族，包含属于 目 的重要新兴病原体。与其他分段负链 RNA 病毒一样，核蛋白 (NP) 是病毒生命周期中的主要参与者，既是 L 蛋白中聚合酶的必要辅助因子，也是病毒基因组 (vRNA) 的最后一道防线，通过在细胞质中物理隐藏其存在来保护它。NP 也是干扰免疫系统的主要因素之一。对 NP 的几项结构研究表明，它具有两个结构域：其 N 端的球形 RNA 结合结构域（NP-core）和其 C 端的核酸外切酶结构域（ExoN）。进一步的研究表明，RNA 包装需要发生显著的构象变化。在这篇综述中，我们重新审视了最近关于 NP 的结构和功能数据，与其他 核蛋白进行了比较，并探讨了结构和功能的影响。我们回顾了 NP-NP 结合模式中涉及的各种结构基序扩展。我们还评估了 NP 相互作用组的主要功能意义以及 ExoN 的作用，从而使 NP 成为未来疫苗和抗病毒治疗的首选目标。
