Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Brain Imaging Behav. 2021 Apr;15(2):917-929. doi: 10.1007/s11682-020-00301-x.
Clinical neuropsychology lacks tests of basic visuoperceptual and spatial skills that have well-controlled administration and sophisticated measurement methods. Items from the Visual Assessment Battery (VAB), a simultaneous match-to-sample task, assessed visual discrimination in 40 healthy adults aged 51-91 during fMRI. The tasks were designed to isolate discrimination of either location, shape, or velocity, and they each had three levels of difficulty. The Location task uniquely activated the dorsal visual processing stream, the Shape task the ventral stream, and the Velocity task an area encompassing V5. Greater age was associated with greater neural recruitment, particularly in frontal areas. Behaviorally, greater age was associated with prolonged response times, but not reduced accuracy. Increased difficulty was associated with slower responses and reduced accuracy, regardless of age. Results validated the specialization of brain regions for spatial, perceptual, and movement discriminations and the use of the VAB to assess functioning localized to these regions. Visual discrimination ability does not change dramatically with age, but like many cognitive processes, performance slows. Anterior neural recruitment during visual discrimination increases with age.
临床神经心理学缺乏经过良好控制的管理和复杂测量方法的基本视知觉和空间技能测试。来自视觉评估电池 (VAB) 的项目是一种同时匹配样本任务，在 fMRI 期间评估了 40 名年龄在 51-91 岁之间的健康成年人的视觉辨别能力。这些任务旨在分别隔离位置、形状或速度的辨别，每个任务都有三个难度级别。位置任务仅激活背侧视觉处理流，形状任务激活腹侧流，而速度任务则激活包含 V5 的区域。年龄越大，神经募集的程度越大，尤其是在前额区域。行为上，年龄越大，反应时间越长，但准确性没有降低。无论年龄大小，难度增加都会导致反应速度变慢和准确性降低。结果验证了大脑区域在空间、知觉和运动辨别方面的专业化，以及使用 VAB 来评估这些区域的功能。视觉辨别能力不会随着年龄的增长而显著变化，但与许多认知过程一样，表现速度会变慢。随着年龄的增长，在视觉辨别过程中，前脑的神经募集增加。
