Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
Clin Anat. 2021 Apr;34(3):397-404. doi: 10.1002/ca.23663. Epub 2020 Sep 16.
The tibialis anterior muscle originates from the medial part of the anterior compartment, from the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and the adjacent part of the interosseous membrane, and typically inserts to the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone. The goal of the study was to examine the insertion of the tibialis anterior tendon and create a classification in human fetuses.
Fifty spontaneously-aborted human fetuses (26 male, 24 female, 100 lower limbs), aged 18-38 weeks of gestation at death were examined.
The classification comprised five types of tibialis anterior tendon insertion. The most common was Type V (60%), which was characterized by a single tendon inserting onto the medial cuneiform bone. The second most frequent was Type I (19%), which was characterized by a tendon which split into two equal-sized parts that insert to the medial cuneiform bone and the base of the first metatarsal. The third was Type II (12%), which was characterized by a tendon splitting into two different-sized parts that inserted onto the medial cuneiform bone (larger component) and the base of the first metatarsal (smaller component). The fourth type was Type III (5%), which was also characterized by a tendon splitting into two different-sized parts that inserted onto the medial cuneiform bone (smaller component) and the base of the first metatarsal (larger component). Finally, Type VI (4%), the least frequent type, was characterized by a tendon splitting into three different-sized parts, inserting onto the medial cuneiform bone (the smallest component) and the base of the first metatarsal (the middle and larger component).
The tibialis anterior muscle is characterized by high variability in the approach of its tendon to the foot, at least in fetuses. This is classified in the present study for the first time.
胫骨前肌起于前间隔的内侧部分，起于胫骨外侧面的上三分之二和骨间膜的相邻部分，通常插入内侧楔骨和第一跖骨。本研究的目的是检查胫骨前肌腱的插入并在人类胎儿中创建分类。
检查了 50 例自然流产的人类胎儿（26 名男性，24 名女性，100 条下肢），死亡时胎龄为 18-38 周。
分类包括胫骨前肌腱插入的五种类型。最常见的是 V 型（60%），其特征是单一肌腱插入内侧楔骨。第二常见的是 I 型（19%），其特征是肌腱分为两个相等大小的部分，插入内侧楔骨和第一跖骨基部。第三是 II 型（12%），其特征是肌腱分为两个不同大小的部分，插入内侧楔骨（较大部分）和第一跖骨基部（较小部分）。第四种类型是 III 型（5%），也以肌腱分为两个不同大小的部分插入内侧楔骨（较小部分）和第一跖骨基部（较大部分）为特征。最后，VI 型（4%）是最不常见的类型，其特征是肌腱分为三个不同大小的部分，插入内侧楔骨（最小部分）和第一跖骨基部（中间和较大部分）。
胫骨前肌的肌腱进入足部的方式存在高度的可变性，至少在胎儿中如此。本研究首次对此进行了分类。
