Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, China
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2020;19(7):509-526. doi: 10.2174/1871527319666200726222138.
Recent studies implicate microbiota-brain communication as an essential factor for physiology and pathophysiology in brain function and neurodevelopment. One of the pivotal mechanisms about gut to brain communication is through the regulation and interaction of gut microbiota on the host immune system. In this review, we will discuss the role of microbiota-immune systeminteractions in human neurological disorders. The characteristic features in the development of neurological diseases include gut dysbiosis, the disturbed intestinal/Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability, the activated inflammatory response, and the changed microbial metabolites. Neurological disorders contribute to gut dysbiosis and some relevant metabolites in a top-down way. In turn, the activated immune system induced by the change of gut microbiota may deteriorate the development of neurological diseases through the disturbed gut/BBB barrier in a down-top way. Understanding the characterization and identification of microbiome-immune- brain signaling pathways will help us to yield novel therapeutic strategies by targeting the gut microbiome in neurological disease.
最近的研究表明，微生物群-脑通讯是大脑功能和神经发育中生理和病理生理学的一个重要因素。肠道与大脑通讯的关键机制之一是通过肠道微生物群对宿主免疫系统的调节和相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论微生物群-免疫系统相互作用在人类神经疾病中的作用。神经疾病发展的特征包括肠道菌群失调、肠道/血脑屏障（BBB）通透性紊乱、炎症反应激活和微生物代谢物改变。神经疾病以自上而下的方式导致肠道菌群失调和一些相关代谢物的改变。反过来，肠道微生物群变化引起的激活的免疫系统可能通过破坏肠道/BBB 屏障以自下而上的方式恶化神经疾病的发展。了解微生物组-免疫-大脑信号通路的特征和鉴定将有助于我们通过针对神经疾病中的肠道微生物组产生新的治疗策略。
