Self-medication in older European adults: Prevalence and predictive factors.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Self-medication, despite some benefits, carries many risks, especially when practiced by older adults who are polymedicated. Information addressing the prevalence and associated factors of self-medication in older age in a European context is scarce and sometimes contradictory. This paper aims to estimate the prevalence of self-medication among older adults across Europe and to identify its predictive factors.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

SETTING

Micro-data from the European Health Interview Survey (2006-2009) was used.

PARTICIPANTS

The sample comprised 31,672 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and over living in private households in 14 European countries.

MEASUREMENTS

The analyses explored the use, over the last two weeks, of any medicines, supplements, or vitamins that were not prescribed by a doctor.

RESULTS

The mean self-medication prevalence was 26.3 %, being the highest in Poland (49.4 %) and the lowest in Spain (7.8 %). Greater odds of self-medication were found for women and for participants who were younger, divorced, or presented a higher educational degree. The presence of long-standing illness and physical pain or not using prescribed medication also significantly increased the possibility of self-medication. A wide variation in the odds of self-medication between countries was also observed (up to 8 times more for Poland, compared to Spain).

CONCLUSION

Self-medication is a prevalent problem among older Europeans, and even though some think it is risk-free, dangers tend to be greater with advancing age. This study will help identify the groups most likely to have this behavior so that we can focus on targeted educative and preventive initiatives.