School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China.
Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shunde, 528399, Guangdong Province, China.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Jul 27;20(1):422. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03066-9.
To examine the differences between pregnant women who underwent embryo transfer (ET) and those who conceived naturally, as well as differences in their respective babies, and to determine the causes for these differences, to provide recommendations for women who are planning to undergo ET.
A retrospective cohort study was performed of women who had received ET and those who had natural conception (NC) who received medical services during pregnancy and had their babies delivered at the Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, China between January 2016 and December 2018. In line with the requirements of the ethics committee, before the formal investigation, we first explained the content of the informed consent of the patient to the patient, and all the subjects included agreed to the content of the informed consent of the patient. Respondents agreed to visit and analyze their medical records under reasonable conditions. Each case in an ET group of 321 women was randomly matched with three cases of NC (963 cases) who delivered on the same day. The demographic information, past history, pregnancy and delivery history, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of the two groups were compared using univariate analysis.
Age, duration of hospitalization, number of pregnancies, number of miscarriages, induced abortion, ectopic pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, gestational anemia, pregnancy risk, mode of fetal delivery, and number of births were significantly different between the two groups (all P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the disease, allergy, infection and blood transfusion histories of the pregnant women, or differences in prevalence of gestational hypothyroidism, gestational respiratory infection, premature rupture of membrane, placental abruption, fetal death, stillbirth, amniotic fluid volume and amniotic fluid clarity between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The percentages for low birth weight and premature birth were significantly higher in the ET group than in the NC group. In contrast, infant gender and prevalence of fetal macrosomia, fetal anomaly, neonatal asphyxia, and extremely low birth weight were not significantly different between the two groups (all P > 0.05).
The clinical outcomes of mothers and the birth status of infants were better in the NC group than in the ET group. Maternal health must be closely monitored and improved in the ET group to reduce the incidence of gestational comorbidity and enhance the quality of fetal life.
本研究旨在探讨接受胚胎移植（embryo transfer，ET）和自然受孕（natural conception，NC）孕妇的差异及其后代差异的原因，为接受 ET 的女性提供建议。
采用回顾性队列研究，选取 2016 年 1 月至 2018 年 12 月在广东医科大学顺德妇女儿童医院接受 ET 或 NC 并接受孕期医疗服务的孕妇及其分娩儿为研究对象。本研究符合医院伦理委员会要求，在正式调查前，向患者解释患者知情同意书的内容，所有纳入对象均同意患者知情同意书的内容。在合理条件下，同意接受访视并分析其病历。321 例 ET 组孕妇中，每个病例随机匹配同日 NC 组（NC 组共 963 例）3 例。采用单因素分析比较两组的人口统计学信息、既往史、妊娠和分娩史及母婴结局。
两组孕妇年龄、住院时间、妊娠次数、流产次数、人工流产、异位妊娠、妊娠期糖尿病、子痫前期、妊娠期贫血、妊娠风险、分娩方式和产次比较，差异均有统计学意义（均 P<0.05）。两组孕妇疾病史、过敏史、感染史、输血史及妊娠期甲状腺功能减退症、妊娠期呼吸道感染、胎膜早破、胎盘早剥、胎死宫内、死胎、羊水过多、羊水浑浊的发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义（均 P>0.05）。ET 组低出生体重儿及早产儿发生率均高于 NC 组，差异有统计学意义（均 P<0.05）。两组婴儿性别、巨大儿、胎儿畸形、新生儿窒息、极低出生体重儿发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义（均 P>0.05）。
NC 组孕妇及新生儿的临床结局优于 ET 组。ET 组孕妇应密切监测和改善母婴健康，以降低妊娠期合并症的发生率，提高胎儿生活质量。
