Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France.
Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé, EA 2160, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Nov;266(Pt 2):115227. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115227. Epub 2020 Jul 21.
For several decades, use of nanoparticles (NP) on a global scale has been generating new potential sources of organism disruption. Recent studies have shown that NP can cause modifications on the biochemical macromolecular composition of microalgae and raised questions on the toxicity of plastic particles, which are widespread in the aquatic environment. Polystyrene (PS) particles are among the most widely used plastics in the world. In our experimentation, a combined approach of infrared spectroscopy and molecular biology (real-time PCR) has been applied in order to better apprehend the consequences of interactions between Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, freshwater microalgae and PS NP. Two references have been used, nitrogen deprivation -a well-documented stressor-, and gold nanoparticles (Au-NP). As regards biochemical composition, our experiments show a differing microalga response, according to the NP to which they have been exposed. Results with infrared spectroscopy and gene expression methods are consistent and illustrate variation among several carbohydrates (galactose…). Furthermore, PS-NP seem to react in the same direction as nitrogen limitation, thereby supporting the hypothesis that PS-NP can induce response mechanisms to environmental changes in microalgae. This study highlighted the interest of combining infrared spectroscopy and gene expression as means of monitoring microalgae response to nanoplastics.
几十年来，纳米颗粒（NP）在全球范围内的使用带来了新的生物干扰潜在来源。最近的研究表明，NP 可以改变微藻的生化大分子组成，引发了对广泛存在于水生环境中的塑料颗粒毒性的质疑。聚苯乙烯（PS）颗粒是世界上使用最广泛的塑料之一。在我们的实验中，应用了红外光谱和分子生物学（实时 PCR）相结合的方法，以便更好地了解淡水微藻莱茵衣藻与 PS NP 之间相互作用的后果。我们使用了两种参考物，氮饥饿-一种有充分文献记录的应激源-和金纳米颗粒（Au-NP）。就生化成分而言，根据它们所暴露的 NP，我们的实验显示出不同的微藻反应。红外光谱和基因表达方法的结果是一致的，并说明了几种碳水化合物（半乳糖...）之间的差异。此外，PS-NP 的反应似乎与氮限制相同，从而支持 PS-NP 可以诱导微藻对环境变化产生反应机制的假设。这项研究强调了将红外光谱和基因表达相结合作为监测微藻对纳米塑料反应的手段的重要性。
