Abdullah Asma, Dahari Khairul Azlan Shahril Abu, Tamil Azmi Mohd, Rohana Jaafar, Razif Mohamad Yunus Mohd, Shareena Ishak
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Seremban General Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seremban, Malaysia.
Medeni Med J. 2020;35(2):116-120. doi: 10.5222/MMJ.2020.68466. Epub 2020 Jun 30.
To study the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) and to identify the possible risk factors causing HL.
This retrospective study was conducted from January 2014-December 2016 at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. All neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) were screened with a two-step protocol using an automated auditory brain response (AABR) and/or Otoacoustic Emission and auditory brain response (ABR). Descriptive analysis was used for the prevalence of HL, degree of HL and number of risk factors per infant.
A total of 2713 babies underwent hearing screening in NICU was enrolled in this study. Two thousand six hundred eight (96%) babies passed the screening test and 214 (4%) babies required further diagnostic test. Only 105 (49%) babies completed diagnostic tests. Out of 105 babies, 40 (38.1%) babies had HL. Mild HL was the commonest HL with 22 (55%), moderate HL was in seven babies (17.5%), severe HL in two babies (5%), and profound HL in nine babies (22.5%). The presence of craniofacial anomalies was the only significant independent risk factor for HL with p<0.05 with an odds ratio of 0.105 CI 95% [0.028-0.389]. Of Babies with the presence of three or more risk factors, 100% of them had HL.There was an increased risk of hearing loss in those with craniofacial anomalies up to 11 times higher compared to those without such anomalies.
The prevalence of HL among the NICU babies was 1.5% and mild HL was the commonest degree of HL (55%).
研究听力损失（HL）的患病率，并确定导致HL的可能风险因素。
这项回顾性研究于2014年1月至2016年12月在马来西亚一家三级医院进行。马来西亚国立大学医学中心（UKMMC）新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）收治的所有新生儿均采用两步法，使用自动听性脑干反应（AABR）和/或耳声发射及听性脑干反应（ABR）进行筛查。采用描述性分析方法分析HL的患病率、HL程度及每个婴儿的风险因素数量。
本研究共纳入2713名在NICU接受听力筛查的婴儿。2608名（96%）婴儿通过了筛查测试，214名（4%）婴儿需要进一步的诊断测试。只有105名（49%）婴儿完成了诊断测试。在这105名婴儿中，40名（38.1%）婴儿患有HL。轻度HL最为常见，有22名（55%），中度HL有7名婴儿（17.5%），重度HL有2名婴儿（5%），极重度HL有9名婴儿（22.5%）。颅面畸形的存在是HL唯一显著的独立风险因素，p<0.05，优势比为0.105，95%置信区间[0.028 - 0.389]。存在三个或更多风险因素的婴儿中，100%患有HL。与无此类畸形的婴儿相比，有颅面畸形的婴儿听力损失风险增加高达11倍。
NICU婴儿中HL的患病率为1.5%，轻度HL是最常见的HL程度（55%）。
