Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.
Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2020 Sep;28(3):87-93. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000271.
The traumatic knee dislocation (KD) is a complex condition resulting in injury to >1 ligament or ligament complexes about the knee, termed multiligament knee injuries. Typically, KDs result in injury to both cruciate ligaments with variable injury to collateral ligament complexes. Very rarely, KD may occur with single cruciate injuries combined with collateral involvement but it is important to understand that not all multiligament knee injuries are KDs. Patients can present in a wide spectrum of severity; from frank dislocation of the tibiofemoral joint to a spontaneously reduced KD, either with or without neurovascular injury. The initial evaluation of these injuries should include a thorough patient history and physical examination, with particularly close attention to vascular status which has the most immediate treatment implications. Multiple classification systems have been developed for KDs, with the anatomic classification having the most practical application.
创伤性膝关节脱位（KD）是一种复杂的疾病，导致膝关节周围的>1 个韧带或韧带复合体受伤，称为多韧带膝关节损伤。通常，KD 会导致前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带同时受伤，同时伴有侧副韧带复合体的不同程度损伤。非常罕见的情况下，KD 可能会出现单侧前交叉韧带或后交叉韧带损伤合并侧副韧带损伤，但需要注意的是，并非所有多韧带膝关节损伤都是 KD。患者的病情严重程度差异很大，从明显的胫骨股骨关节脱位到膝关节自动复位，伴有或不伴有神经血管损伤。这些损伤的初始评估应包括详细的病史和体格检查，特别要注意血管状况，因为它具有最直接的治疗意义。已经开发了多种 KD 分类系统，其中解剖分类具有最实际的应用。
