Petetta Andrea, Vasapollo Claudio, Virgili Massimo, Bargione Giada, Lucchetti Alessandro
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies (IRBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Ancona, Italy.
PeerJ. 2020 Jul 17;8:e9287. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9287. eCollection 2020.
Passive bottom-set nets are the most widely used fishing gears in Mediterranean small-scale fisheries (SSFs). Trammel nets, in particular, have key advantages such as their ease of use and handling and high capture efficiency for numerous commercial species. However, they entail high discard rates (5-44% of the total catch) connected to high mortality, thus exerting an adverse impact on benthic communities, besides catching individuals of commercial species under the minimum conservation reference size (MCRS) and specimens of protected species. Fish pots are seen as alternative and a more sustainable gear type that allow reducing discards in SSFs. In this study, a collapsible pot was tested at three coastal sites in the north-western Adriatic Sea (GFCM GSA 17) to compare its catch efficiency with that of the local traditional trammel nets. Data analysis demonstrated a similar catch efficiency for the commercial species, both among sites and as a whole. Moreover, the trammel net caught a larger amount of discards, both in terms of species number and of CPUE. The catch comparison study involved the two most abundant landed species, common cuttlefish and annular sea bream . The pots were more effective for , whereas the trammel net was more effective for the shorter length classes for , which were mostly under the MCRS (12 cm). The innovative pots could provide a valuable alternative to the trammel nets traditionally used in the Adriatic Sea, at least in certain areas and periods. Their main advantages include that they do not require a different rigging and they can be used without bait, while their foldable design allows large numbers to be easily loaded on board SSF vessels. The results of this pilot study indicate that pots can achieve the objectives of reducing discards and bycatch in SSFs without penalizing the catch of commercial species.
被动底层定置网是地中海小规模渔业（SSFs）中使用最广泛的渔具。特别是三层刺网，具有诸多关键优势，如易于使用和操作，对众多商业物种的捕获效率高。然而，它们导致了与高死亡率相关的高丢弃率（占总渔获量的5%-44%），从而除了捕获低于最低保护参考尺寸（MCRS）的商业物种个体和受保护物种标本外，还对底栖生物群落产生不利影响。鱼笼被视为一种替代的、更具可持续性的渔具类型，可减少小规模渔业中的丢弃物。在本研究中，一种可折叠鱼笼在亚得里亚海西北部的三个沿海地点（GFCM GSA 17）进行了测试，以将其捕获效率与当地传统三层刺网的捕获效率进行比较。数据分析表明，无论是在各地点之间还是总体上，商业物种的捕获效率相似。此外，三层刺网捕获的丢弃物在种类数量和单位捕捞努力量渔获量（CPUE）方面都更多。捕获比较研究涉及两种上岸量最大的物种，普通乌贼和环状海鲷。鱼笼对[普通乌贼]更有效，而三层刺网对[环状海鲷]较短长度等级更有效，这些较短长度等级大多低于MCRS（12厘米）。这种创新型鱼笼至少在某些区域和时期可为亚得里亚海传统使用的三层刺网提供有价值的替代方案。它们的主要优点包括不需要不同的索具，无需诱饵即可使用，而其可折叠设计使大量鱼笼可轻松装载到小规模渔业船只上。这项试点研究的结果表明，鱼笼能够实现减少小规模渔业中的丢弃物和兼捕物的目标，同时不影响商业物种的捕获量。
