J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2020 Aug 1;58(8):18-22. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20200717-01.
Attachment is an emotional bond that connects children to their caregivers. The psychology of attachment suggests that children with a stronger relationship with their primary caregivers are considered secure in their attachment patterns, whereas children with a strained relationship with their early caregivers and who had felt rejected in their childhood are considered insecure. The quality of the nurturing environment in the early stages of life of children and the relationship of parents themselves (e.g., divorce, conflict) contribute significantly to shaping a child's attachment behaviors. The neurobiology of attachment patterns includes the (a) hypothalamus, which mediates stress hormones; (b) amygdala, which controls stronger emotions such as fear; and (c) prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for emotional regulation. These areas of the brain play a vital role in children's socioemotional development. The current article reviews four attachment patterns: insecure avoidant (type A), secure (type B), insecure ambivalent/resistant (type C), and disorganized (an extreme form of insecure attachment), and explores the implications of attachment patterns on the mental health of children. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(8), 18-22.].
依恋是一种情感纽带，将儿童与照顾者联系在一起。依恋心理学表明，与主要照顾者关系较强的儿童被认为在依恋模式上是安全的，而与早期照顾者关系紧张、童年时感到被拒绝的儿童则被认为是不安全的。儿童生命早期的养育环境的质量以及父母自身的关系（例如，离婚、冲突）对塑造儿童的依恋行为有很大影响。依恋模式的神经生物学包括：(a) 下丘脑，调节应激激素；(b) 杏仁核，控制如恐惧等强烈情绪；和 (c) 前额叶皮层，负责情绪调节。大脑的这些区域在儿童的社会情感发展中起着至关重要的作用。本文综述了四种依恋模式：不安全回避型（A 型）、安全型（B 型）、不安全矛盾/抗拒型（C 型）和混乱型（不安全依恋的极端形式），并探讨了依恋模式对儿童心理健康的影响。[心理社会护理和心理健康服务杂志，58(8)，18-22。]。
