Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Feb;178(4):750-769. doi: 10.1111/bph.15220. Epub 2020 Sep 15.
Histamine plays pleiotropic roles as a neurotransmitter in the physiology of brain function, this includes the maintenance of wakefulness, appetite regulation and memory retrieval. Since numerous studies have revealed an association between histaminergic dysfunction and diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, a large number of compounds acting on the brain histamine system have been developed to treat neurological disorders. In 2016, pitolisant, which was developed as a histamine H receptor inverse agonist by Schwartz and colleagues, was launched for the treatment of narcolepsy, emphasising the prominent role of brain histamine on wakefulness. Recent advances in neuroscientific techniques such as chemogenetic and optogenetic approaches have led to remarkable progress in the understanding of histaminergic neural circuits essential for the control of wakefulness. In this review article, we summarise the basic knowledge about the histaminergic nervous system and the mechanisms underlying sleep/wake regulation that are controlled by the brain histamine system. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.4/issuetoc.
组胺作为一种神经递质，在大脑功能生理学中发挥着多种作用，包括维持觉醒、调节食欲和记忆检索。由于大量研究表明，组胺能功能障碍与多种神经精神疾病（如阿尔茨海默病和精神分裂症）有关，因此开发了许多作用于脑组胺系统的化合物来治疗神经紊乱。2016 年，Schwartz 及其同事开发的作为组胺 H 受体反向激动剂的吡唑并嘧啶，被用于治疗嗜睡症，这强调了大脑组胺对觉醒的重要作用。神经科学技术的最新进展，如化学遗传学和光遗传学方法，使得人们对控制觉醒的组胺能神经回路有了更深入的了解。在这篇综述文章中，我们总结了关于组胺能神经系统的基本知识，以及由脑组胺系统控制的睡眠/觉醒调节机制。相关文章：本文是日本神经化学特刊的一部分。要查看本部分的其他文章，请访问 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.4/issuetoc.
