Fischer Hans-Peter, Goltz Diane
Institut für Pathologie, Universität Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland.
Pathologie Koblenz, Koblenz, Deutschland.
Pathologe. 2020 Sep;41(5):444-456. doi: 10.1007/s00292-020-00807-7.
Autoimmune liver diseases comprise a spectrum of progredient idiopathic inflammatory diseases. Typical histological features of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) include the pattern of chronic hepatitis with predominant plasma cell-rich interface activity, rosetting of hepatocytes, and emperipolesis. Florid bile duct lesions are the key feature of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC); onion-like periductal fibrosis characterizes the primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Variants of AIH, or overlap syndromes, show intersecting histomorphologic findings with PBC or PSC. The diagnosis of the different autoimmune inflammatory liver diseases is based on clinical presentation, a hepatitic or cholestatic pattern of liver enzymes, immuno-serological findings, image analysis in PSC, and liver biopsy as a facultative or obligatory adjunct. Liver biopsy plays a major role in the diagnosis of AIH, small-duct PSC, AMA-negative PBC, IgG4-related diseases, overlap syndrome, and in the recognition of concurrent liver diseases, especially drug-induced liver diseases. Herewith pathologists can help clinicians find adequate therapy for different autoimmune inflammatory liver diseases.
自身免疫性肝病包括一系列进行性特发性炎症性疾病。自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)的典型组织学特征包括以富含浆细胞的界面活动为主的慢性肝炎模式、肝细胞玫瑰花结形成和血细胞吞噬现象。典型的胆管病变是原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)的关键特征;洋葱样的胆管周围纤维化是原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)的特征。AIH的变异型或重叠综合征表现出与PBC或PSC相交的组织形态学表现。不同自身免疫性炎症性肝病的诊断基于临床表现、肝酶的肝炎或胆汁淤积模式、免疫血清学结果、PSC的图像分析以及肝活检作为一种可选或必要的辅助手段。肝活检在AIH、小胆管PSC、抗线粒体抗体(AMA)阴性PBC、IgG4相关疾病、重叠综合征的诊断以及并发肝病(尤其是药物性肝病)的识别中起主要作用。病理学家可以借此帮助临床医生为不同的自身免疫性炎症性肝病找到合适的治疗方法。