Unaffiliated, 17564, Palaeo Faliro, Greece.
Sci Rep. 2020 Aug 4;10(1):13091. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70117-8.
Genetic isolation due to geographic separation (vicariance) is the best understood cause of vertebrate speciation. Nevertheless, it has never been demonstrated in the fossil record across a wide range of taxa. Here, by reviewing in-depth the available data of the Late Palaeozoic (~ 350-250 million years ago), I reconstructed an early Pangaean junction-disjunction palaeogeographic model and showed that it coincides strongly with time-calibrated cladograms of the Late Palaeozoic synapsids (the primitive ancestors of modern mammals). The temporal development of the vicariant topology seems to fit closely with the emergence rhythm of the recovered synapsid taxa, suggesting vicariance due to Pangaean separation as the cause of early amniote evolution. The inferred vicariant topology also accounts for the observed pattern in the North American marine biostratigraphic units. Accordingly, the model demonstrates the link between the evolution of life on Earth and palaeogeographic evolution and strongly supports allopatric speciation through vicariance as the prominent mode of amniote evolution. Furthermore, correlations between state-of-the-art biochronostratigraphic charts and this palaeogeographic model suggest that the arido-eustasy model can explain the mid-Permian biotic extinction event and depositional cycles, such as the pre-Zechstein of the Central European Basin.
由于地理隔离（隔离分化）导致的遗传隔离是脊椎动物物种形成的最佳理解原因。然而，在广泛的分类群中，这种情况从未在化石记录中得到证明。在这里，通过深入回顾晚古生代（约 3.50 亿至 2.50 亿年前）的现有数据，我重建了一个早期泛大陆连接-断开古地理模型，并表明它与晚古生代合弓类动物（现代哺乳动物的原始祖先）的时间校准进化枝图强烈吻合。分歧拓扑结构的时间发展似乎与恢复的合弓类动物分类群的出现节奏密切吻合，表明由于泛大陆分离而导致的分歧是早期羊膜动物进化的原因。推断出的分歧拓扑结构也解释了北美的海洋生物地层单位中观察到的模式。因此，该模型展示了地球生命进化与古地理进化之间的联系，并强烈支持通过隔离分化作为羊膜动物进化的主要模式来实现异域物种形成。此外，最先进的生物年代地层图表与这种古地理模型之间的相关性表明，干旱-海平面波动模型可以解释中二叠世生物灭绝事件和沉积旋回，如中欧盆地的 Pre-Zechstein 期。
