College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.
Retired Professor at the University of Rzeszow, Ul Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
Environ Res. 2020 Nov;190:109989. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109989. Epub 2020 Jul 25.
The purpose of these laboratory tests was to assess the impact of 50 Hz EMF (electromagnetic field) on the disappearance of azoxystrobin (active ingredient (AI) of Amistar 250 SC) and λ-cyhalothrin (AI of Karate Zeon 050 CS) in the body of honey bees (Apis mellifera) and the structure of some functional groups of the probabilistic molecules in their organisms. Amistar 250 SC (an azoxystrobin-based fungicide; ABF) and Karate Zeon 050 CS (a λ-cyhalothrin-based insecticide; CBI) are plant protection products (PPPs) applied to bee-pollinated-crops. Chromatographic methods were used to assess the rate of AI disappearance. EMF affected the rate of disappearance of azoxystrobin and λ-cyhalothrin in bees within 6 h of intoxication. When these substances were used separately their disappearance in the presence of EMF slowed from 12.6% to 10.5% h and from 9.2% to 4.8% h, respectively, and accelerated when used in a mixture, from 14.1% to 14.7% h and from 9.3% to 11.5% h respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze changes in the functional groups of the probabilistic molecules of the tested bees. To obtain the information about the spectra variations we used the Principal Component Analysis. It has been shown, that EMF statistically significantly interferes with amide I and II, symmetric PO group from DNA, RNA and phospholipids vibrations. It also increased the number of changes of functional groups of the probabilistic molecules caused by ABF, but at the same time limited the changes in the functional groups studied in bees treated with CBI and a mixture containing both of them. In addition, exposure to EMF in bees treated with fungicide or insecticide, separately, and with both preparations caused differences (p < 0.05) in the secondary structure of proteins compared to controls. The obtained results indicate that EMF may affect the rate of metabolism and the detoxification process of pesticides in bees, depending on the AI of PPPs, applied individually or together. However, further detailed research is required to explain the mechanism of EMF as a detoxification modulator.
这些实验室测试的目的是评估 50Hz 电磁场 (EMF) 对阿唑菌酮（阿米斯特 250 SC 的有效成分 (AI)）和 λ-氯氟氰菊酯（Karate Zeon 050 CS 的 AI）在蜜蜂体内消失以及其生物体中某些功能团结构的影响。阿米斯特 250 SC（一种阿唑菌酮为基础的杀菌剂；ABF）和 Karate Zeon 050 CS（一种 λ-氯氟氰菊酯为基础的杀虫剂；CBI）是用于蜜蜂授粉作物的植物保护产品 (PPPs)。采用色谱方法评估 AI 消失率。在蜜蜂中毒 6 小时内，电磁场会影响阿唑菌酮和 λ-氯氟氰菊酯的消失率。当单独使用这些物质时，它们在电磁场存在下的消失速度分别从 12.6%减缓至 10.5% h 和从 9.2%减缓至 4.8% h，而当它们混合使用时，消失速度分别从 14.1%加速至 14.7% h 和从 9.3%加速至 11.5% h。傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱用于分析测试蜜蜂中概率分子的功能团变化。为了获得关于光谱变化的信息，我们使用了主成分分析。结果表明，电磁场在统计学上显著干扰了酰胺 I 和 II、DNA、RNA 和磷脂中对称 PO 基团的振动。它还增加了 ABF 引起的概率分子功能团变化的数量，但同时限制了 CBI 和同时含有两者的混合物处理的蜜蜂中研究的功能团的变化。此外，与对照组相比，暴露于单独使用或同时使用杀菌剂或杀虫剂处理的蜜蜂中的电磁场会导致（p<0.05）蛋白质二级结构发生差异。研究结果表明，电磁场可能会影响蜜蜂中杀虫剂的新陈代谢和解毒过程的速度，具体取决于单独或一起使用的 PPPs 的 AI。然而，需要进一步详细研究来解释电磁场作为解毒调节剂的作用机制。
