School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hefei 230601, PR China.
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hefei 230601, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Oct 15;739:140380. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140380. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
Biological conservation necessitates robust understanding of multifaceted biodiversity from local to regional scales. Mismatches among multifaceted diversity and conservation trade-offs are the most important challenge for conservation planning. The Yangtze River floodplain is among the most speciose whereas threatened and poorly protected ecosystems in China. Here we evaluated multifaceted (taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional) alpha and beta fish diversity by simultaneously addressing two typical habitats (FRs, floodplain rivers and FLs, floodplain lakes) in this basin, to reliably aid conservation planning across local and regional scales. Our results demonstrated spatially incongruent multifaceted fish diversity between FRs and FLs. Characterizing by flocks of phylogenetic close species, we detected significantly higher species richness while lower phylogenetic and functional alpha diversity in FRs. In contrast, fish assemblages in FLs exhibited significantly higher functional alpha diversity characterized by functional unique species. Consequently, conservation planning should fasten on clusters of phylogenetic close endemic species to sustain high intrinsic species richness in FRs, and sustain high functional diversity as well as protecting fish species with unique functions in FLs. Meanwhile, for all the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional facets, our results demonstrated significantly higher turnover components in FRs, and the dominant contribution of the nestedness components to overall beta diversity in FLs. As a result, conservation planning in FLs may just focus on several richest lakes, while multiple spatially disjunct river networks should be protected in FRs. Contradicting the anthropocentric "new conservation", our study advocated protecting intrinsic uniqueness and peculiarity of multifaceted biodiversity as well as the ecological integrity.
生物保护需要从局部到区域尺度上对多方面的生物多样性有深入的了解。多方面的多样性与保护权衡之间的不匹配是保护规划的最大挑战。长江流域洪泛区是中国物种最丰富但受到威胁和保护不足的生态系统之一。在这里，我们通过同时解决该流域的两种典型生境（FRs，洪泛区河流和 FLs，洪泛区湖泊），评估了多方面的（分类学、系统发育和功能）鱼类多样性，以便在局部和区域尺度上可靠地辅助保护规划。我们的结果表明，FRs 和 FLs 之间的多方面鱼类多样性存在空间上的不一致。我们发现，FRs 中存在大量亲缘关系密切的物种，具有较高的物种丰富度，而较低的系统发育和功能 alpha 多样性；而 FLs 中的鱼类群落则表现出较高的功能 alpha 多样性，具有独特功能的物种较多。因此，保护规划应集中于保护 FRs 中亲缘关系密切的特有物种，以维持其较高的内在物种丰富度，同时保护 FLs 中具有独特功能的鱼类物种，以维持其较高的功能多样性。同时，对于所有的分类学、系统发育和功能方面，我们的结果表明，FRs 中的周转率成分显著较高，而嵌套成分对 FLs 中整体 beta 多样性的贡献较大。因此，FLs 中的保护规划可能只需要关注几个最富有的湖泊，而 FRs 中则需要保护多个空间上不连续的河流网络。与以人类为中心的“新保护主义”相反，我们的研究主张保护多方面生物多样性的内在独特性和特殊性以及生态完整性。
