青少年足球单次赛季头部撞击后神经心理学变化。
Neuropsychological Change After a Single Season of Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football.
机构信息
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE68588, USA.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Blacksburg, VA24060, USA.
出版信息
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2021 Feb;27(2):113-123. doi: 10.1017/S1355617720000685. Epub 2020 Aug 7.
OBJECTIVES
Head impact exposure (HIE) in youth football is a public health concern. The objective of this study was to determine if one season of HIE in youth football was related to cognitive changes.
METHOD
Over 200 participants (ages 9-13) wore instrumented helmets for practices and games to measure the amount of HIE sustained over one season. Pre- and post-season neuropsychological tests were completed. Test score changes were calculated adjusting for practice effects and regression to the mean and used as the dependent variables. Regression models were calculated with HIE variables predicting neuropsychological test score changes.
RESULTS
For the full sample, a small effect was found with season average rotational values predicting changes in list-learning such that HIE was related to negative score change: standardized beta (β) = -.147, t(205) = -2.12, and p = .035. When analyzed by age clusters (9-10, 11-13) and adding participant weight to models, the R2 values increased. Splitting groups by weight (median split), found heavier members of the 9-10 cohort with significantly greater change than lighter members. Additionaly, significantly more participants had clinically meaningful negative changes: X2 = 10.343, p = .001.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that in the 9-10 age cluster, the average seasonal level of HIE had inverse, negative relationships with cognitive change over one season that was not found in the older group. The mediation effects of age and weight have not been explored previously and appear to contribute to the effects of HIE on cognition in youth football players.
目的
青少年足球中的头部撞击暴露（HIE）是一个公共卫生关注点。本研究的目的是确定青少年足球中一个赛季的 HIE 是否与认知变化有关。
方法
超过 200 名参与者（9-13 岁）在练习和比赛中佩戴仪器化头盔，以测量一个赛季内承受的 HIE 量。完成了前后赛季的神经心理学测试。计算了测试得分变化，调整了练习效果和回归均值，并将其用作因变量。使用 HIE 变量预测神经心理学测试得分变化来计算回归模型。
结果
对于全样本，发现季节平均旋转值与列表学习的变化呈小效应关系，即 HIE 与负分数变化相关：标准化β（β）=-.147，t（205）=-2.12，p=.035。按年龄群（9-10、11-13）进行分析，并将参与者体重添加到模型中，R2 值增加。按体重分组（中位数分割），发现 9-10 队列中较重的成员比较轻的成员变化明显更大。此外，有更多的参与者出现了有临床意义的负向变化：X2=10.343，p=.001。
结论
这些发现表明，在 9-10 年龄组中，平均季节性 HIE 水平与一个赛季内的认知变化呈负相关关系，而在年龄较大的组中则没有发现这种关系。年龄和体重的中介效应以前尚未被探讨过，并且似乎对青少年足球运动员 HIE 对认知的影响有贡献。
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