Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.
Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;172:145-151. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64240-0.00008-8.
While signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy may appear to be similar among all patients, further evaluation both at the bedside and beyond demonstrate distinct differences in the pattern of certain neuropathies. A working knowledge of these differences and of the available tools to distinguish them is quite useful to the clinician. This chapter provides an overview of the distinction among various neuropathy profiles. Focal neuropathies may occur from compression or from entrapment. Neurologic examination aids in anatomic localization, which further refines and directs electrodiagnostic and ultrasound testing. Subsequent therapeutic approaches vary depending on the location of the focal neuropathy. Focal neuropathy may occur outside of pregnancy but the outcome is more predictable in this situation.
虽然周围神经病变的症状和体征在所有患者中似乎相似，但在床边和其他方面的进一步评估表明，某些神经病变的模式存在明显差异。了解这些差异以及可用于区分它们的工具对临床医生非常有用。本章概述了各种神经病变类型的区别。局灶性神经病可能由压迫或嵌压引起。神经检查有助于进行解剖定位，进一步细化并指导电诊断和超声检查。随后的治疗方法取决于局灶性神经病的位置。局灶性神经病可发生在妊娠以外的情况，但在这种情况下，结果更具可预测性。
