Campbell W W
Department of Neurology, Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
Neurol Clin. 1997 Aug;15(3):549-67. doi: 10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70333-9.
The most common focal neuropathies are carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, and peroneal neuropathy at the fibular head, but many other focal neuropathies, due to external compression or entrapment, may occur. Rational management depends on accurate localization; a thorough understanding of the basic anatomy, pathology, and pathophysiology helps in dealing with the vagaries of clinical presentation and electrodiagnostic evaluation. The differential diagnosis includes musculoskeletal conditions, plexopathies, radiculopathies, and occasionally, central nervous system dysfunction. Some focal neuropathies are an accentuation of a more generalized process, and a complex interplay of focal and diffuse pathology can arise.
最常见的局灶性神经病是腕管综合征、肘部尺神经病变以及腓骨头处的腓总神经病变，但由于外部压迫或卡压导致的许多其他局灶性神经病也可能发生。合理的治疗取决于准确的定位；对基本解剖学、病理学和病理生理学的透彻理解有助于应对临床表现和电诊断评估的变幻莫测。鉴别诊断包括肌肉骨骼疾病、臂丛神经病、神经根病，偶尔还包括中枢神经系统功能障碍。一些局灶性神经病是更广泛过程的加重表现，可能会出现局灶性和弥漫性病变的复杂相互作用。
