School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China.
Plant Dis. 2021 Feb;105(2):331-338. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1157-RE. Epub 2020 Dec 23.
The application of agricultural and forest residues can benefit the environment and the economy; however, they also generate a large amount of byproducts. In this study, bamboo tar (BT), a waste product of bamboo charcoal production, was dissolved in natural ethanol and the surfactant alkyl glucoside to manufacture a 50% (wt/wt) BT emulsifiable concentrate (BTEC) biopesticide. BTEC was screened for fungicidal activity against pathogens. The greatest activity was seen against with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC) value of 6 mg/liter. Four phytopathogenic fungi, , , , and , showed EC values of <60 mg/liter. Greenhouse tests in vivo showed 2,000 mg/liter BTEC had a 78.4% protective effect against , and replicated treatments had an 80.6% protective effect. In addition, replicated 2-year field trials were conducted in two geographic locations with four plant diseases: false smut (), rice sheath blight ( [Frank] Donk), cucumber powdery mildew (), and cucumber Fusarium wilt (). Results showed that 1,000 to 2,000 mg/liter BTEC significantly inhibited these diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the total phenolic mass fractions of two BT samples were 45.39 and 48.26%. Eleven components were detected, and their percentage content was as follows (from high to low): 2,6-dimethoxyphenol > 2- or 4-ethylphenol > 2- or 4-methylphenol > phenol > 4-ethylguaiacol > dimethoxyphenol > 4-methylguaiacol > 4-propenyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol > 2,4-dimethylphenol. Some of the phenolic compounds identified from the tar might be fungicidally active components. BT is a biochar waste, which has potential as a biofungicide and has promise in organic agriculture. The value of this tar may not be because of any fundamental physical differences from other synthetic fungicides but rather caused by reduced production expenses and more efficient use of waste products.
农林剩余物的应用有利于环境和经济，但也会产生大量的副产品。本研究以竹炭生产的废弃物竹焦油（BT）为原料，溶解于天然乙醇和表面活性剂烷基糖苷中，制备 50%（wt/wt）BT 乳化浓缩剂（BTEC）生物农药。筛选 BTEC 的杀菌活性，发现对病原菌的最大活性，半效浓度（EC）值为 6mg/L。四种植物病原菌、、、和，EC 值<60mg/L。体内温室试验表明，2000mg/L BTEC 对的保护效果为 78.4%，重复处理的保护效果为 80.6%。此外，在两个地理位置进行了为期两年的田间试验，涉及四种植物病害：假黑穗病（）、水稻纹枯病（[弗兰克]唐克）、黄瓜白粉病（）和黄瓜枯萎病（）。结果表明，1000-2000mg/L BTEC 可显著抑制这些病害。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，两个 BT 样品的总酚质量分数分别为 45.39%和 48.26%。检测到 11 种成分，其含量百分比分别为：2,6-二甲氧基苯酚>2-或 4-乙基苯酚>2-或 4-甲基苯酚>苯酚>4-乙基愈创木酚>二甲氧基苯酚>4-甲基愈创木酚>4-丙烯基-2,6-二甲氧基苯酚>2,4-二甲基苯酚。从焦油中鉴定出的一些酚类化合物可能是具有杀菌活性的成分。BT 是一种生物炭废物，具有作为生物杀菌剂的潜力，在有机农业中有应用前景。这种焦油的价值可能不是因为与其他合成杀菌剂有任何根本的物理差异，而是因为降低了生产成本和更有效地利用了废物。
