Premedication and high-dose fentanyl anesthesia for myocardial revascularization: a comparison of lorazepam versus morphine-scopolamine.

Using a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled experimental protocol, the authors compared two premedication regimens in 42 patients undergoing elective myocardial revascularization. Group L patients (n = 23) received lorazepam 0.06 mg/kg po 90 min preoperatively, while group M patients (n = 19) received morphine 0.1 mg/kg im, plus scopolamine 0.006 mg/kg im 60 min preoperatively. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 100 micrograms/kg and atracurium 0.50 mg/kg administered over 10 min. The treatment groups did not differ significantly with respect to the degree of sedation or anxiolysis achieved, or the rapidity of induction with fentanyl. Premedication significantly influenced the hemodynamic response to anesthetic induction. Hemodynamics were stable post-induction in group M, but cardiovascular depression was noted in group L. Control heart rate (HR) was lower in group L. The HR, arterial pressure, and cardiac index were significantly lower, following both induction and intubation, in group L. Following sternotomy hemodynamics were identical in both groups. Serum fentanyl concentration was significantly higher during intubation in group L, probably secondary to the pharmacokinetic consequences of a decreased CI. New electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia did not occur in either group. Based on their findings with fentanyl-at-racurium, and their review of the literature, the authors speculate that premedication exerts a significant hemodynamic effect during induction with other narcotic-relaxant combinations.