Cvenkel Barbara, Kolko Miriam
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
J Ophthalmol. 2020 Jul 21;2020:6138132. doi: 10.1155/2020/6138132. eCollection 2020.
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. Lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only proven treatment strategy for glaucoma. However, some patients show progressive loss of visual field and quality of life despite controlled IOP which indicates that other factors are implicated in glaucoma. Therefore, approaches that could prevent or decrease the rate of progression and do not rely on IOP lowering have gained much attention. Effective neuroprotection has been reported in animal models of glaucoma, but till now, no neuroprotective agents have been clinically approved. The present update provides an overview of currently available IOP-lowering medications. Moreover, potential new treatment targets for IOP-lowering and neuroprotective therapy are discussed. Finally, future trends in glaucoma therapy are addressed, including sustained drug delivery systems and progress toward personalized medicine.
青光眼是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征是视网膜神经节细胞及其轴突逐渐丧失。降低眼压（IOP）是目前唯一经证实的青光眼治疗策略。然而，一些患者尽管眼压得到控制，但仍出现视野和生活质量的逐渐丧失，这表明青光眼还涉及其他因素。因此，能够预防或降低进展速度且不依赖于降低眼压的方法受到了广泛关注。在青光眼动物模型中已报道有有效的神经保护作用，但迄今为止，尚无神经保护剂获得临床批准。本综述概述了目前可用的降低眼压药物。此外，还讨论了降低眼压和神经保护治疗的潜在新靶点。最后，阐述了青光眼治疗的未来趋势，包括持续给药系统和个性化医学的进展。
