Baizabal-Carvallo José Fidel, Cardoso Francisco
Department of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Ave León 428, Jardines del Moral, 37320, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2020 Oct;127(10):1323-1342. doi: 10.1007/s00702-020-02238-3. Epub 2020 Aug 9.
Chorea is defined by the presence of abnormal, involuntary, continuous, random movements that results from a number of autoimmune, hereditary, vascular, metabolic, drug-induced and functional (psychogenic) causes. Chorea may present at all stages of life, from newborns to elderly individuals. While Huntington disease is the main suspicion in adults presenting with chorea, once a drug-induced or parkinsonian dyskinesia have been ruled out; Huntington disease exceptionally presents with chorea in children. Sydenham chorea is considered the most common cause of acute childhood-onset chorea, but its prevalence has decreased in Western countries. However, in younger children other etiologies such as dyskinetic cerebral palsy, anti-NMDAR receptor encephalitis, other autoimmune conditions, or mutations in NKX2-1, ADCY-5, FOXG1, GNAO1, GPR88, SLC2A1, SQSTM1, ATP8A2, or SYT-1 should be considered. In this manuscript, we review the main causes, diagnosis and management of chorea in children.
舞蹈症的定义是存在异常、不自主、持续、随机的运动，其由多种自身免疫性、遗传性、血管性、代谢性、药物诱导性和功能性（精神性）病因引起。舞蹈症可出现在从新生儿到老年人的生命各个阶段。虽然亨廷顿舞蹈病是成人出现舞蹈症时的主要怀疑对象，但一旦排除药物诱导性或帕金森病性异动症；亨廷顿舞蹈病在儿童中极少以舞蹈症形式出现。 Sydenham舞蹈症被认为是儿童急性起病舞蹈症的最常见病因，但在西方国家其患病率已有所下降。然而，对于年幼儿童，应考虑其他病因，如运动障碍型脑瘫、抗NMDAR受体脑炎、其他自身免疫性疾病，或NKX2-1、ADCY-5、FOXG1、GNAO1、GPR88、SLC2A1、SQSTM1、ATP8A2或SYT-1基因的突变。在本手稿中，我们回顾了儿童舞蹈症的主要病因、诊断和管理。
