Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Nutr Res Rev. 2021 Jun;34(1):117-124. doi: 10.1017/S0954422420000190. Epub 2020 Aug 11.
Dietary guidelines should be underpinned by the best available evidence on relationships between diet and health, including evidence from nutrient-based, food-based and dietary patterns research. The primary aim of the present study was to analyse the systematic reviews conducted to inform the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines according to dietary exposure. The secondary aim was to analyse the reviews by health outcome, and design of included studies. To identify the systematic reviews, the dietary guidelines report was used as a starting point and relevant references were retrieved. The evidence report contained the data used in this analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse reviews according to exposure, outcome, and design of included studies. A total of 143 systematic reviews were included in this analysis. Foods were the most common exposure (86·7 % of reviews), followed by nutrients (10·5 %) and dietary patterns (2·8 %). Chronic disease morbidity and/or mortality was the most common outcome (80·4 %), followed by chronic disease risk factors (19·6 %). Most reviews included evidence from cohort or nested case-control studies (92·3 %), many included evidence from case-control studies (61·5 %) and some included evidence from randomised controlled trials (28·7 %). These results reflect the research questions that were asked, the systematic review methods that were used, and the evidence that was available. In developing future iterations of the Australian Dietary Guidelines, there is an opportunity to review the latest evidence from dietary patterns research.
膳食指南应以关于饮食与健康之间关系的最佳现有证据为基础，包括基于营养素、基于食物和基于膳食模式的研究证据。本研究的主要目的是根据膳食暴露情况分析为 2013 年澳大利亚膳食指南提供信息的系统评价。次要目的是按健康结果和纳入研究的设计分析这些综述。为了确定系统评价，从膳食指南报告入手，并检索了相关参考文献。证据报告包含了本分析中使用的数据。根据暴露、结果和纳入研究的设计，使用描述性统计对综述进行分析。共有 143 项系统评价纳入本分析。食物是最常见的暴露因素（86.7%的综述），其次是营养素（10.5%）和膳食模式（2.8%）。慢性疾病发病率和/或死亡率是最常见的结果（80.4%），其次是慢性疾病风险因素（19.6%）。大多数综述纳入了来自队列或巢式病例对照研究的证据（92.3%），许多综述纳入了来自病例对照研究的证据（61.5%），一些综述纳入了来自随机对照试验的证据（28.7%）。这些结果反映了提出的研究问题、使用的系统评价方法和可用的证据。在制定澳大利亚膳食指南的未来版本时，有机会审查基于膳食模式的研究的最新证据。
