Elangovan Nandha Devi, Dhanabalan Anantha Krishnan, Gunasekaran Krishnasamy, Kandimalla Ramesh, Sankarganesh Devaraj
Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College, Chennai, India.
Center of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India.
J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2021 Nov;39(18):7065-7079. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1805362. Epub 2020 Aug 11.
The global impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) necessitates intensive research to find appropriate and effective drugs. Many studies in AD suggested beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles-associated tau protein as the key targets for drug development. On the other hand, it is proved that triggering of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β) also cause AD, therefore, GSK-3β is a potential drug target to combat AD. We, in this study, investigated the ability of small molecules to inhibit GSK-3β through virtual screening, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME), induced-fit docking (IFD), molecular dynamics simulation, and binding free energy calculation. Besides, molecular docking was performed to reveal the binding and interaction of the ligand at the active site of GSK-3β. We found two compounds such as 6961 and 6966, which exhibited steady-state interaction with GSK-3β for 30 ns in molecular dynamics simulation. The compounds (6961 and 6966) also achieved a docking score of -9.05 kcal/mol and -8.11 kcal/mol, respectively, which is relatively higher than the GSK-3β II inhibitor (-6.73 kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the compounds have a stable state during overall simulation time, and lesser root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) values compared with co-crystal. In conclusion, we suggest the two compounds (6966 and 6961) as potential leads that could be utilized as effective inhibitors of GSK-3β to combat AD. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)的全球影响使得开展深入研究以寻找合适且有效的药物成为必要。AD领域的许多研究表明,β-淀粉样斑块和与神经原纤维缠结相关的tau蛋白是药物研发的关键靶点。另一方面,已证实糖原合酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)的激活也会引发AD,因此,GSK-3β是对抗AD的一个潜在药物靶点。在本研究中,我们通过虚拟筛选、吸收、分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)、诱导契合对接(IFD)、分子动力学模拟以及结合自由能计算,研究了小分子抑制GSK-3β的能力。此外,进行了分子对接以揭示配体在GSK-3β活性位点的结合和相互作用。我们发现了两种化合物,即6961和6966,它们在分子动力学模拟中与GSK-3β表现出30纳秒的稳态相互作用。这两种化合物(6961和6966)的对接分数分别为-9.05千卡/摩尔和-8.11千卡/摩尔,相对高于GSK-3β II抑制剂(-6.73千卡/摩尔)。分子动力学模拟表明,在整个模拟时间内这些化合物处于稳定状态,与共晶体相比具有更小的均方根偏差(RMSD)和均方根波动(RMSF)值。总之,我们建议将这两种化合物(6966和6961)作为潜在的先导物,可作为对抗AD的GSK-3β有效抑制剂。由拉马斯瓦米·H·萨尔马传达。