Reexposure to OKT3 in renal allograft recipients.

Between 40% and 80% of patients treated with the monoclonal antibody OKT3 develop blocking antibody against its idiotypic region. Thus a major concern with the use of OKT3 as part of a baseline immunosuppressive regimen is that formation of blocking antibodies might preclude its subsequent use. Between 7/86 and 2/87, 32 patients received prophylactic OKT3 in addition to low-dose prednisone, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. Prophylactic OKT3 did not prevent rejection, as 21 of 32 patients studied developed rejection. Retreatment of 13 patients with OKT3 successfully reversed 12 rejections and lowered the number of T3-positive cells in spite of a low level of blocking antibody in two patients in this group. Of the patients analyzed, 38% developed blocking antibody on initial exposure to OKT3, but OKT3 reuse was denied only 4 patients due to the presence of these antibodies. Three of these had rejections reversed with steroids alone; the other patient lost the allograft. A high frequency of infectious complications occurred in the retreatment group, with viral infections predominating. Only one patient in the retreated group developed antibodies after the second use. Appearance of blocking antibodies after use of OKT3 as part of a base-line prophylactic immunosuppressive regimen did not significantly compromise access to OKT3 for treatment of subsequent rejection episodes, but multiple exposures to OKT3 did increase the frequency of infectious complications.