School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
PLoS One. 2020 Aug 12;15(8):e0237377. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237377. eCollection 2020.
It is known that bioenergetics of aerobic and resistance exercise are not the same but both can effectively improve depression. However, it is not clear whether and how different types of exercise can influence depression through the same metabolic regulatory system. Metabolomics provides a way to study the correlation between metabolites and changes in exercise and/or diseases through the quantitative analysis of all metabolites in the organism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic and resistance training on urinary metabolites by metabolomics analysis in a rodent model of depression.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for eight weeks. The validity of the modeling was assessed by behavioral indices. After four weeks of CUMS, the rats that developed depression were randomly divided into a depression control group, an aerobic training group and a resistance training group. There was also a normal control group. From week 5, the rats in the exercise groups were trained for 30 min per day, five days per week, for four weeks. The urine samples were collected pre and post the training program, and analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy.
Both types of training improved depression-like behavior in CUMS rats. Compared with normal control, 21 potential biomarkers were identified in the urine of CUMS rats, mainly involved in energy, amino acids and intestinal microbial metabolic pathways. Common responses to the training were found in the two exercise groups that the levels of glutamine, acetone and creatine were significantly recalled (all P<0.05) Aerobic training also resulted in changes in pyruvate and trigonelline, while resistance training modified α-Oxoglutarate, citric acid, and trimethylamine oxide (all P<0.05).
Aerobic and resistance training resulted in common effects on the metabolic pathways of alanine-aspartate-glutamate, TCA cycle, and butyric acid. Aerobic training also had effects on glycolysis or gluconeogenesis and pyruvate metabolism, while resistance training had additional effect on intestinal microbial metabolism.
众所周知，有氧运动和抗阻运动的生物能量学不同，但两者都能有效地改善抑郁。然而，目前尚不清楚不同类型的运动是否以及如何通过相同的代谢调节系统影响抑郁。代谢组学通过对生物体中所有代谢物的定量分析，为研究运动和/或疾病相关代谢物的变化提供了一种方法。本研究旨在通过代谢组学分析探讨有氧运动和抗阻训练对抑郁模型啮齿动物尿代谢物的影响。
雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠接受慢性不可预测轻度应激（CUMS）8 周。通过行为指标评估建模的有效性。在 CUMS 四周后，患有抑郁症的大鼠被随机分为抑郁症对照组、有氧运动组和抗阻运动组。还有一个正常对照组。从第 5 周开始，运动组每天训练 30 分钟，每周 5 天，共 4 周。在训练方案前后采集尿液样本，并用质子核磁共振（1H-NMR）光谱法进行分析。
两种类型的训练均改善了 CUMS 大鼠的抑郁样行为。与正常对照组相比，CUMS 大鼠尿液中鉴定出 21 种潜在生物标志物，主要涉及能量、氨基酸和肠道微生物代谢途径。在两组运动组中都发现了对训练的共同反应，即谷氨酰胺、丙酮和肌酸的水平显著恢复（均 P<0.05）。有氧运动训练还导致丙酮酸和瓜氨酸的变化，而抗阻训练则改变了α-酮戊二酸、柠檬酸和三甲胺氧化物（均 P<0.05）。
有氧运动和抗阻训练对丙氨酸-天冬氨酸-谷氨酸、三羧酸循环和丁酸代谢途径有共同的影响。有氧运动训练还对糖酵解或糖异生和丙酮酸代谢有影响，而抗阻训练对肠道微生物代谢有额外的影响。
