Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Hum Reprod. 2020 Oct 1;35(10):2185-2187. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deaa173.
Genetic variants are known to contribute to about 50% of the heritability of the age of menopause and recent studies suggest that genes associated with genome maintenance are involved. The idea that increased rates of follicular atresia could lead to depletion of the primoridial follicle reserve and early menopause has also been canvassed, but there is no direct evidence of this. In studies of the transcriptomics of follicular atresia, it was found that in the theca interna, the largest group of genes are in fact down-regulated and associated with 'cell cycle and DNA replication', in contrast with the up-regulation of apoptosis-associated genes which occurs in granulosa cells. Many of the genes down-regulated in the theca interna are the same as or related to the genes in loci associated with early menopause. From these findings, we suggest that early menopause could be due to increased rates of follicular atresia initiated from the theca interna.
遗传变异已知约占绝经年龄可遗传性的 50%，最近的研究表明，与基因组维持相关的基因参与其中。有人认为，卵泡闭锁率的增加可能导致原始卵泡储备枯竭和早绝经，尽管目前还没有直接证据。在对卵泡闭锁的转录组学研究中发现，在内膜中，最大的一组基因实际上是下调的，与“细胞周期和 DNA 复制”相关，而与凋亡相关的基因上调则发生在颗粒细胞中。在内膜中下调的许多基因与与早绝经相关的基因座中的基因相同或相关。根据这些发现，我们认为早绝经可能是由于从内膜开始的卵泡闭锁率增加所致。
