Zhang Jinjin, Qiu Huayu, He Tian, Li Yang, Yin Shouchun
College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Front Chem. 2020 Jul 24;8:560. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00560. eCollection 2020.
Inspired by the vast array of assemblies present in nature, supramolecular chemistry has attracted significant attention on account of its diverse supra-structures, which include micelles, vesicles, and fibers, in addition to its extensive applications in luminescent materials, sensors, bioimaging, and drug delivery over the past decades. Supramolecular polymers, which represent a combination of supramolecular chemistry and polymer science, are constructed by non-covalent interactions, such as host-guest interactions, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic or hydrophilic interactions, metal-ligand interactions, π-π stacking, and electrostatic interactions. To date, numerous host-guest recognition systems have been reported, including crown ethers, cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cucurbituril, pillararenes, and other macrocyclic hosts. Among them, crown ethers, as the first generation of macrocyclic hosts, provide a promising and facile alternative route to supramolecular polymers. In addition, the incorporation of fluorophores into supramolecular polymers could endow them with multiple properties and functions, thereby presenting potential advantages in the context of smart materials. Thus, this review focuses on the fabrication strategies, interesting properties, and potential applications of fluorescent supramolecular polymers based on crown ethers. Typical examples are presented and discussed in terms of three different types of building blocks, namely covalently bonded low-molecular-weight compounds, polymers modified by hosts or guests, and supramolecular coordination complexes.
受自然界中大量组装体的启发，超分子化学因其多样的超结构（包括胶束、囊泡和纤维）以及在过去几十年中在发光材料、传感器、生物成像和药物递送等方面的广泛应用而备受关注。超分子聚合物是超分子化学与高分子科学的结合，由非共价相互作用构建而成，如主客体相互作用、氢键、疏水或亲水相互作用、金属-配体相互作用、π-π堆积和静电相互作用。迄今为止，已报道了众多主客体识别体系，包括冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃、葫芦脲、柱芳烃和其他大环主体。其中，冠醚作为第一代大环主体，为超分子聚合物提供了一条有前景且简便的替代途径。此外，将荧光团引入超分子聚合物可赋予它们多种性质和功能，从而在智能材料领域展现出潜在优势。因此，本综述聚焦于基于冠醚的荧光超分子聚合物的制备策略、有趣性质及潜在应用。根据三种不同类型的结构单元，即共价键合的低分子量化合物、由主体或客体修饰的聚合物以及超分子配位络合物，给出并讨论了典型实例。
