Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China; School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China; Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China; School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Dec 10;747:141537. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141537. Epub 2020 Aug 5.
Extensive research has focused on the response of vegetation to climate change, including potential mechanisms and resulting impacts. Although many studies have explored the relationship between vegetation and climate change in China, research on spatiotemporal distribution changes of climate regimes using natural vegetation as an indicator is still lacking. Further, limited information is available on the response of vegetation to shifts in China's regional climatic zones. In this study, we applied Mann-Kendall, and correlation analysis to examine the variabilities in temperature, precipitation, surface soil water, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), and albedo in China from 1982 to 2012. Our results indicate significant shifts in the distribution of Köppen-Geiger climate classes in China from 12.08% to 18.98% between 1983 and 2012 at a significance level of 0.05 (MK). The percentage areas in the arid and continental zones expanded at a rate of 0.004%/y and 0.12%/y, respectively, while the percentage area in the temperate and alpine zones decreased by -0.05%/y and - 0.07%/y. Sensitivity fitting results between simulated and observed changes identified temperature to be a dominant control on the dynamics of temperate (r = 0.98) and alpine (r = 0.968) zones, while precipitation was the dominant control on the changes of arid (r = 0.856) and continental (r = 0.815) zones. The response of the NDVI to albedo infers a more pronounced radiative response in temperate (r = -0.82, p < .01) and alpine (r = -0.476, p < .05) compared to arid and continental zones. Furthermore, we identified more pronounced monthly increasing trends in NDVI and soil water, corresponding to weak changes in albedo during vegetation growing periods. Our results suggest that climate zone shifting has considerable impacts on the vegetation in China and will have larger ecological impacts through radiative or non-radiative feedback mechanisms in future warming scenarios.
大量研究集中于植被对气候变化的响应，包括潜在机制和由此产生的影响。尽管许多研究探索了中国植被与气候变化之间的关系，但利用自然植被作为指标研究气候制度的时空分布变化的研究仍相对较少。此外，关于植被对中国区域气候带变化的响应的信息也很有限。在本研究中，我们应用曼肯德尔（Mann-Kendall）和相关性分析方法，研究了 1982 年至 2012 年中国的温度、降水、地表土壤水分、归一化植被指数（NDVI）和反照率的变化。结果表明，在中国，1983 年至 2012 年期间，柯本-盖格尔气候分类的分布发生了显著变化，变化率为 0.05（MK）。干旱和大陆区的面积分别以 0.004%/y 和 0.12%/y 的速率扩张，而温带和高山区的面积分别以-0.05%/y 和-0.07%/y 的速率缩小。模拟和观测变化之间的敏感性拟合结果表明，温度是温带（r=0.98）和高山（r=0.968）区动态变化的主要控制因素，而降水是干旱（r=0.856）和大陆（r=0.815）区变化的主要控制因素。NDVI 对反照率的响应表明，在温带（r=-0.82，p<.01）和高山（r=-0.476，p<.05）地区，辐射响应更为明显，而在干旱和大陆地区则不明显。此外，我们发现，在植被生长期间，NDVI 和土壤水分的月递增趋势更为明显，而反照率的变化较弱。研究结果表明，气候带的转移对中国的植被有很大的影响，并将通过未来变暖情景下的辐射或非辐射反馈机制对生态系统产生更大的影响。
