Rapid recruitment of hydrogen-producing biofilms for hydrogen production in a moving bed biofilm reactor by a sequential immobilization and deoxygenization approach.

To reduce start-up time and enhance hydrogen production efficiency, a sequential immobilization and deoxygenization (SIDO) strategy for hydrogen production was investigated in continuous-flow moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs). The pre-immobilization process accelerated the initial enrichment of hydrogen-producing bacteria (HPB) and promoted the biofilm formation, which contribute to higher hydrogen production efficiency in SIDO-MBBRs compared to a non-immobilized reactor. A similar deoxygenization effect was achieved by inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with N sparging, and the P. aeruginosa pre-immobilized MBBR (Pse-MBBR) showed a higher H yield in the initial stage of operation. Microbial community analysis found a higher abundance of putative HPB in the range of 82.82-96.56%, with the predominant populations in the SIDO-MBBR assigned to genera Clostridium and Enterobacter. The results suggest that the SIDO-MBBR is an effective approach for rapid recruitment of HPB and start-up of fermentative hydrogen production.