J Emerg Nurs. 2020 Nov;46(6):814-826. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.05.002. Epub 2020 May 6.
The 2014-2016 West African Ebola outbreak impacted the United States. Owing to the sporadic occurrence of the Ebola infection, there is insufficient research regarding how US emergency nurses provide care to patients potentially infected with the Ebola virus and the nurses' motivation to protect themselves when providing care to these patients. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of emergency nurses' protection motivation.
A cross-sectional design was employed. A survey developed based on a modified Protection Motivation Theory was administered to randomly selected members of the Emergency Nurses Association. Descriptive statistics, nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test (as well as post hoc Dunn-Bonferroni test), Spearman rho correlation, and stepwise multiple linear regression were conducted for data analysis.
Protection motivation was found in 2 components: proactive and passive protection motivation. Regression analysis indicated that response efficacy (β = 0.27, < 0.001) and self-efficacy (β = 0.17, < 0.01) significantly predict emergency nurses' proactive protection motivation, whereas perceived vulnerability (β = 0.26, < 0.001), response cost (β = 0.19, = 0.001), and knowledge (β = -0.15, < 0.01) significantly predict emergency nurses' passive protection motivation.
The results indicate the need for interventions to improve emergency nurses' response efficacy, self-efficacy, and knowledge, while simultaneously reducing the nurses' perceived vulnerability and response cost. Such interventions would be expected to proactively motivate nurses to protect themselves when providing care to patients who exhibit the signs and symptoms of an Ebola infection and reduce their passive protection motivation.
2014-2016 年西非埃博拉疫情对美国造成了影响。由于埃博拉感染的偶发性，关于美国急诊护士如何为可能感染埃博拉病毒的患者提供护理，以及护士在为这些患者提供护理时保护自己的动机，研究还不够充分。本研究旨在调查急诊护士保护动机的预测因素。
采用横断面设计。根据修改后的保护动机理论编制的调查问卷，对急诊护士协会的随机成员进行了调查。采用描述性统计、非参数 Kruskal-Wallis H 检验（以及事后 Dunn-Bonferroni 检验）、Spearman rho 相关分析和逐步多元线性回归进行数据分析。
发现保护动机有 2 个成分：主动保护动机和被动保护动机。回归分析表明，反应效能（β=0.27，<0.001）和自我效能（β=0.17，<0.01）显著预测急诊护士的主动保护动机，而感知脆弱性（β=0.26，<0.001）、反应代价（β=0.19，<0.001）和知识（β=-0.15，<0.01）显著预测急诊护士的被动保护动机。
结果表明，需要采取干预措施来提高急诊护士的反应效能、自我效能和知识，同时降低护士的感知脆弱性和反应代价。这些干预措施有望主动激励护士在为出现埃博拉感染迹象和症状的患者提供护理时保护自己，并降低他们的被动保护动机。
