Mi Xiaochen, Li Tieying, Wang Jinping, Hu Yongfeng
Collage of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
Collage of Architecture, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
Int J Anal Chem. 2020 Aug 1;2020:8873713. doi: 10.1155/2020/8873713. eCollection 2020.
Salt is a common cause of damage to building materials used in cultural and historical buildings. The damage to aged wood in historical wooden buildings has not been extensively studied, resulting in the need for a more detailed analysis. In this work, Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, a typical historical wooden structure, was taken as the research object. Multichemical analyses were conducted to evaluate and understand the salt-induced damage to the aged wood using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, sulphur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and attenuated total reflectance fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The results showed the presence of invasive salt crystallisations and ions in the aged samples. The source of these invasive elements was deduced by identifying the type, amount, and valency of the elements; they were found to be derived from environmental factors such as acid rain and atmospheric pollutant. The unique damage mechanism and route induced by salt in historical buildings made of wood were summarised; the damage was attributed to the accumulation of sulphate salt causing hydrolysis of the carbohydrates and salt crystallisation resulting in mechanical damage. This interdisciplinary study is significant for decision making in studies related to the preservation and evaluation of historical wooden buildings.
盐是对文化和历史建筑中使用的建筑材料造成损害的常见原因。历史木质建筑中老化木材的损害尚未得到广泛研究，因此需要进行更详细的分析。在这项工作中，以典型的历史木结构建筑应县木塔为研究对象。使用配备能量色散X射线光谱仪的扫描电子显微镜、硫K边X射线吸收近边结构光谱、X射线荧光光谱、X射线粉末衍射和衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱进行多化学分析，以评估和了解盐对老化木材的损害。结果表明，老化样品中存在侵入性盐结晶和离子。通过确定元素的类型、数量和价态推断出这些侵入性元素的来源；发现它们来自酸雨和大气污染物等环境因素。总结了盐在历史木质建筑中引发的独特损害机制和途径；损害归因于硫酸盐的积累导致碳水化合物水解以及盐结晶导致机械损伤。这项跨学科研究对于历史木质建筑保护和评估相关研究的决策具有重要意义。
