Promising roles of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure prevention and treatment.

In recent years, successive reports have been made on large-scale cardiovascular outcome trials using novel hypoglycemic drugs. Their results have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are hypoglycemic drugs that could potentially greatly improve the heart failure-related outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients with a high cardiovascular risk. Further analyses have subsequently been performed from various perspectives, and SGLT2 inhibitors with their class effect have been indicated to be potentially useful for heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients with extensive clinical background. As a result, a clear concept has globally emerged with SGLT2 inhibitors as drugs of choice in clinical practice to prevent heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients. Further studies are needed to examine the next research topics on heart failure prevention using SGLT2 inhibitors, including their detailed pharmacological mechanism of action and their effectiveness and safety against heart failure in patients regardless of diabetes status. This paper outlines (1) the current evidence of heart failure prevention by SGLT2 inhibitors based on the results of recent large-scale cardiovascular outcome trials and (2) future research topics on their further applications in clinical practice.