Haberecht Sarah, Bajagai Yadav S, Moore Robert J, Van T T Hao, Stanley Dragana
University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia.
AMB Express. 2020 Aug 15;10(1):143. doi: 10.1186/s13568-020-01077-5.
Microbial colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract of newly hatched chicks starts at hatch, seeded from the immediate hatching environment, and quickly results in dense colonisation. The role of ecological factors in gut colonisation has been extensively investigated, as well as the role of micro- and macronutrients in supporting and selecting for bacterial species highly adapted for utilising those nutrients. However, the microbial community contained in poultry feed and its influence on colonisation and maturation of gut microbiota has not been directly addressed. In this study, we compared the microbiota found in poultry feed, with the microbiota of ileum, cecum and excreta, to identify substantial overlap in core microbiotas of the compared groups. We then investigated the microbiota present in raw feedstuffs: meat and bone meal, wheat, corn, canola, barley, soybean, millrun, sorghum, poultry oil, oats, limestone and bloodmeal from four geographically distinct feedstuff suppliers. Each of the feedstuffs had diverse microbial communities. The meat and bone meal and bloodmeal samples had the most complex and distinct microbial populations. There was substantial overlap in the phylogenetic composition found in the grain and seed samples: barley, canola, corn, millrun, oats, sorghum, soybean meal and wheat. Issues related to methodology, viability of microbial communities in the gut and feed, and the implications for biosecurity are discussed.
新孵化雏鸡胃肠道的微生物定殖在孵化时就开始了，由直接的孵化环境接种，并迅速导致密集定殖。生态因素在肠道定殖中的作用以及微量和常量营养素在支持和选择高度适应利用这些营养素的细菌种类方面的作用已得到广泛研究。然而，家禽饲料中所含的微生物群落及其对肠道微生物群定殖和成熟的影响尚未得到直接探讨。在本研究中，我们比较了家禽饲料中发现的微生物群与回肠、盲肠和排泄物中的微生物群，以确定比较组核心微生物群中的大量重叠。然后，我们研究了来自四个地理上不同的饲料供应商的原料中的微生物群：肉骨粉、小麦、玉米、油菜籽、大麦、大豆、麸皮、高粱、家禽油、燕麦、石灰石和血粉。每种饲料都有不同的微生物群落。肉骨粉和血粉样品的微生物种群最为复杂和独特。在谷物和种子样品（大麦、油菜籽、玉米、麸皮、燕麦、高粱、豆粕和小麦）中发现的系统发育组成存在大量重叠。还讨论了与方法学、肠道和饲料中微生物群落的活力以及生物安全影响相关的问题。
