University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
Demography. 2020 Aug;57(4):1415-1435. doi: 10.1007/s13524-020-00901-8.
Recent research has documented the relatively poor performance of boys, especially those from single-mother households, on a number of outcomes. Differences in noncognitive skills are often cited as a main contributing factor. However, we still know little about the underlying mechanisms driving differences in noncognitive skills and other outcomes. This article provides empirical evidence that parental time investments, defined as the amount of time that parents spend participating in activities with their child, change differentially by child gender following a transition from a two-parent to single-mother household. Boys experience larger investment reductions following the change in household structure, which may help facilitate previously documented gender gaps in noncognitive skills for those in single-mother households. Boys lose an estimated additional 3.8 hours per week in fathers' time investments, nearly 30% of average weekly paternal investments across the sample. The difference is increasing with age, concentrated in leisure and entertainment activities, with little to no evidence that mothers increase investments in boys relative to girls after such transitions.
最近的研究记录了男孩（尤其是来自单亲家庭的男孩）在多项成果上的相对较差表现。非认知技能的差异通常被认为是一个主要的促成因素。然而，我们对于导致非认知技能和其他成果差异的潜在机制仍知之甚少。本文提供了实证证据，表明父母的时间投入（定义为父母与孩子一起参与活动的时间量）在从双亲家庭转变为单亲家庭后，因孩子的性别而出现差异。在家庭结构发生变化后，男孩经历了更大的投资减少，这可能有助于解释单亲家庭中非认知技能方面先前记录的性别差距。男孩每周在父亲的时间投入上估计减少了 3.8 个小时，几乎占样本中每周平均父亲投入的 30%。这种差异随着年龄的增长而增加，主要集中在休闲和娱乐活动上，几乎没有证据表明母亲在这种转变后相对于女孩增加了对男孩的投资。
