Ko Yi, Chye Soi Moi
School of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, University Rd, Belfast, BT7 1NN,Northern Ireland, UK.
School of Health Science, Division of Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000,Malaysia.
Rev Neurosci. 2020 Aug 17. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0072.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that leads to significant morbidities in elderly. The major pathological hallmark of AD is beta-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) deposition in hippocampus of the brain. These abnormal protein deposition damages neuronal cells resulting in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. As a result of limited treatment options available for this disease, there is huge economic burden for patients and social health care system. Thus, alternative approaches (lifestyle intervention) to prevent this disease are extremely important. In this systemic review, we summarized epidemiological evidence of lifestyle intervention and the mechanisms involved in delaying and/or preventing AD. Lifestyle interventions include education, social engagement and cognitive stimulation, smoking, exercise, depression and psychological stress, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), hypertension (HTN), dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and diet. The methods are based on a literature review of available sources found on the research topic in four acknowledged databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Medline and PubMed. Results of the identified original studies revealed that lifestyle interventions have significant effects and our conclusion is that combination of early lifestyle interventions can decrease the risk of developing AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是导致老年人出现严重发病情况的最常见神经退行性疾病。AD的主要病理特征是大脑海马体中β-淀粉样蛋白斑块（Aβ）和细胞内神经原纤维缠结（NFTs）的沉积。这些异常蛋白质沉积会损害神经元细胞，导致神经退行性变和认知能力下降。由于针对这种疾病的治疗选择有限，患者和社会医疗保健系统面临巨大的经济负担。因此，预防这种疾病的替代方法（生活方式干预）极其重要。在本系统评价中，我们总结了生活方式干预的流行病学证据以及延缓和/或预防AD的相关机制。生活方式干预包括教育、社交参与和认知刺激、吸烟、运动、抑郁和心理压力、脑血管疾病（CVD）、高血压（HTN）、血脂异常、糖尿病（DM）、肥胖和饮食。这些方法基于对四个公认数据库（Web of Science、Scopus、Medline和PubMed）中有关该研究主题的现有文献进行的综述。已识别的原始研究结果表明，生活方式干预具有显著效果，我们的结论是早期生活方式干预的组合可以降低患AD的风险。
