Fernandes Liliana C, Correia Daniela M, Fernández Eduardo, Tariq Mohammad, Esperança José M S S, Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu
Centre of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2020 Sep 16;12(37):42089-42098. doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c10746. Epub 2020 Sep 1.
Multifunctional materials with sensor and actuator capabilities play an increasing role in modern technology. In this scope, hybrid materials with magnetic sensing and an electromechanical actuator response based on magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) and the polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) have been developed. MILs comprising different cation alkyl chain lengths [Cmim] and sharing the same anion [FeCl] were incorporated at 20 wt % into the PVDF matrix and the morphological, physical, chemical, and functional properties of the materials were evaluated. An increasing IL alkyl chain length leads to the formation of a porous structure, together with an increase in the electroactive PVDF β-phase content of the polymer and a decrease in the crystallinity degree and thermal stability. The magnetic susceptibility of the [Cmim][FeCl]/PVDF films reveals a paramagnetic behavior. The multifunctional response is characterized by a magnetoionic response that decreases with increasing IL alkyl chain length, the highest magnetoionic coefficient (1.06 ± 0.015 V cm Oe) being observed for [Cmim][FeCl]/PVDF. The electromechanical actuator response is characterized by a highest displacement of 1.1 mm for the [Cmim][FeCl]/PVDF film by applying a voltage of 4 V at a frequency of 100 mHz. Further, their solution processing makes these multiresponsive materials compatible with additive manufacturing technologies.
具有传感器和致动器功能的多功能材料在现代技术中发挥着越来越重要的作用。在此范围内，基于磁性离子液体（MILs）和聚合物聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）开发了具有磁传感和机电致动器响应的混合材料。将包含不同阳离子烷基链长度[Cmim]且共享相同阴离子[FeCl]的MILs以20 wt%的比例掺入PVDF基体中，并对材料的形态、物理、化学和功能特性进行了评估。离子液体烷基链长度的增加导致形成多孔结构，同时聚合物中电活性PVDFβ相含量增加，结晶度和热稳定性降低。[Cmim][FeCl]/PVDF薄膜的磁化率呈现顺磁行为。多功能响应的特征是磁离子响应随离子液体烷基链长度的增加而降低，[Cmim][FeCl]/PVDF的磁离子系数最高（1.06±0.015 V cm Oe）。机电致动器响应的特征是，对于[Cmim][FeCl]/PVDF薄膜，在100 mHz频率下施加4 V电压时，最大位移为1.1 mm。此外，它们的溶液加工使这些多响应材料与增材制造技术兼容。
