SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
MRC Epidemiology Unit and Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Am J Hum Biol. 2021 May;33(3):e23469. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23469. Epub 2020 Aug 18.
The timing and magnitude of adolescent growth may be influenced by ethnicity and early life factors. We aimed to (a) characterize ethnic differences in the magnitude, timing, and intensity of adolescent growth in height, weight, and BMI; (b) assess the effect of early childhood growth on adolescent growth in black children.
Data were from the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort (Bt20+) in Johannesburg, South Africa (n = 3273). Height, weight, and BMI were modeled with ethnic comparisons using the SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation for 2089 participants who had data from 7 to 23 years. Relative weight gain and relative linear growth between 0 and 24 months and 24 and 60 months were generated. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess associations between childhood and adolescent growth.
White children were 5 cm (SE: 0.7) taller than black children through adolescence. Black boys had a later timing of adolescent height (0.65 years ±0.12) than white boys, which in black girls was 0.24 years (0.11) earlier than in white girls. Black girls had faster BMI velocity than white girls. Among black children, birth weight and both relative weight gain 0 to 24 and relative linear growth between 3 and 24 months and 24 and 60 months were positively associated with the magnitude of adolescent growth and negatively associated with timing.
Sex dimorphism in ethnic differences in timing of adolescent height growth may reflect some yet unexplained drivers for rapid weight gain and obesity in black females but not black males. Rapid weight gain in early life may contribute to faster adiposity accrual in adolescence.
青少年生长的时间和幅度可能受种族和生命早期因素的影响。我们旨在：(a) 描述身高、体重和 BMI 的幅度、时间和强度方面青少年生长的种族差异；(b) 评估儿童早期生长对黑人儿童青少年生长的影响。
数据来自南非约翰内斯堡的出生至二十加队列（Bt20+）（n=3273）。对 2089 名参与者（其数据来自 7 至 23 岁），通过平移和旋转叠加进行身高、体重和 BMI 的种族比较建模。生成 0 至 24 个月和 24 至 60 个月之间的相对体重增加和相对线性生长。采用多元回归分析评估儿童和青少年生长之间的关联。
白人儿童在整个青春期比黑人儿童高 5 厘米（SE：0.7）。与白人男孩相比，黑人男孩青春期身高的时间较晚（0.65 岁±0.12），而黑人女孩比白人女孩早 0.24 岁（0.11）。黑人女孩的 BMI 速度比白人女孩快。在黑人儿童中，出生体重以及 0 至 24 个月和 3 至 24 个月以及 24 至 60 个月之间的相对线性生长与青少年生长的幅度呈正相关，与时间呈负相关。
青少年身高生长时间方面种族差异的性别二态性可能反映了一些尚未解释的导致黑人女性快速体重增加和肥胖的驱动因素，但并非黑人男性。生命早期快速的体重增加可能导致青春期脂肪堆积更快。
