Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tango Furusato Hospital, 673 Kobama, Kyotango, Kyoto, 629-3113, Japan.
Oral Radiol. 2021 Jul;37(3):436-442. doi: 10.1007/s11282-020-00475-6. Epub 2020 Aug 18.
The aim of this study was to observe the dental condition in a group of elderly patients over a period of 10 years in order to clarify important risk factors.
Participants were elderly patients (in their eighties) who took panoramic radiographs between 2015 and 2016, and for whom panoramic radiographs taken around 10 year earlier were also available. The number of remaining and lost teeth, the Eichner Index, the presence or absence of molar occlusion, the respective condition of dental pulp, dental crowns, alveolar bone resorption, as well as periapical lesions were investigated through the analysis of panoramic radiographs. Additionally, other important variables were collected from patients' medical records. From the obtained panoramic radiograph sets, the patients' dental condition was investigated, and a systematic comparison was conducted.
The analysis of the panoramic radiographs showed that the number of remaining teeth decreased from an average of 20.8-15.5, and the percentage of patients with 20 or more teeth decreased from 69.2 to 26.9%. A factor analysis investigating tooth loss risk suggested that tooth loss was associated with the bridge, P2 or greater resorption of the alveolar bone, and apical lesions, and gender (with males having a higher risk compared to females).
Teeth showing P2 or greater alveolar bone resorption, bridge, and apical lesions on panoramic radiographs are most likely to be lost in an elderly patient's near future. Consequently, this group should be encouraged to visit their dental clinics regularly and receive comprehensive instruction on individual self-care methods.
本研究旨在观察一组老年患者在 10 年内的口腔状况，以明确重要的风险因素。
参与者为 80 岁左右的老年患者，他们于 2015 年至 2016 年期间拍摄全景片，且之前约 10 年也拍摄过全景片。通过分析全景片，研究了剩余牙和缺失牙的数量、Eichner 指数、磨牙是否咬合、牙髓状态、牙冠状况、牙槽骨吸收情况以及根尖周病变情况。此外，还从患者的病历中收集了其他重要变量。根据获得的全景片集，对患者的口腔状况进行了调查，并进行了系统比较。
全景片分析显示，剩余牙齿数量从平均 20.8 颗减少到 15.5 颗，有 20 颗或更多牙齿的患者比例从 69.2%下降到 26.9%。对牙齿缺失风险的因子分析表明，牙齿缺失与牙桥、牙槽骨 P2 及以上吸收以及根尖病变有关，且与性别有关（男性的风险高于女性）。
全景片上显示牙槽骨 P2 及以上吸收、牙桥和根尖病变的牙齿，很可能在老年患者的近期内缺失。因此，应鼓励这组患者定期到牙科诊所就诊，并接受关于个体自我护理方法的综合指导。
