Matz Olivia, Shermetaro Carl
McLaren Oakland Health Care, Pontiac, MI
Mclaren Oakland Hospital
Glomus jugulare represents a rare, slow-growing neuroendocrine paraganglioma of the head and neck that arises within the jugular foramen and localizes to the jugular fossa of the temporal bone at the skull base. Paragangliomas originate from neural crest–derived paraganglia and are typically benign. These tumors are also referred to as chemodectomas, with an estimated incidence reported as high as 1 to 3 per 100,000 people. Paragangliomas fall into 2 categories, sympathetic and parasympathetic, with most head and neck paragangliomas, including glomus jugulare tumors, arising from the parasympathetic cells. Within the head and neck, paragangliomas arise in multiple anatomic locations, including the carotid bifurcation as carotid body tumors, the superior vagal ganglion as glomus jugulare tumors, the auricular branch of the vagus nerve as glomus tympanicum tumors, and the inferior vagal ganglion as glomus vagale tumors. Recent literature uses the term temporal bone paraganglioma as a collective designation for tumors originating from the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, previously termed glomus tympanicum. Despite a typically indolent growth pattern, glomus tumors may cause substantial morbidity through mass effect, compression, and erosion of adjacent structures. Management of glomus jugulare tumors remains complex due to marked hypervascularity, challenging anatomy, and frequent presentation at an advanced stage.
颈静脉球瘤是一种罕见的、生长缓慢的头颈部神经内分泌副神经节瘤，起源于颈静脉孔，位于颅底颞骨的颈静脉窝内。副神经节瘤是良性肿瘤，起源于神经嵴衍生物，即副神经节。副神经节瘤也被称为化学感受器瘤，据报道其估计发病率高达每10万人中有1至3例。副神经节瘤有两种类型：交感神经型和副交感神经型，大多数头颈部副神经节瘤，包括颈静脉球瘤，都起源于后一种类型。在整个头颈部，副神经节瘤可以有广泛的位置，包括颈动脉分叉处（颈动脉体瘤）、迷走神经上神经节处（颈静脉球瘤）、迷走神经耳支处（鼓室球瘤）和迷走神经下神经节处（迷走球瘤）。尽管其自然病程通常生长缓慢，但球瘤由于相关的占位效应、压迫甚至局部结构侵蚀，可导致严重并发症。由于颈静脉球瘤血管丰富、解剖位置困难且诊断时分期较晚，其治疗可能具有挑战性。
