Elboukari Hayat, Ashraf Muddasir
Mohammed V university Faculty of medecine Rabat
Trinity Medical Center, Rock Island IL
The human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family of It is classified into four serotypes numbered from 1 to 4 (HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3, and HPIV-4). Serotype 4 can even be more subdivided into HPIV-4A and HPIV-4B. HPIV can cause both upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children usually under the age of 5, adults, immunocompromised adults, and the elderly. It is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in infants worldwide. These respiratory viruses were first observed in the late 1950s when they were isolated from children with croup and were known as croup-associated viruses. Although HPIV demonstrated a resemblance to the influenza virus, HPIV is unique and can be easily and simply separated from the myxoviruses (influenza virus). The parainfluenza virus shared some characteristics with the influenza virus, including few antigenic sites, as well as their poor growth in embryonated eggs. In 1959, the fourth serotype was discovered that shared the same criteria with the 3 parainfluenza serotypes previously demonstrated, and a new family of viruses was created called "parainfluenza viruses".
人副流感病毒（HPIV）是一种有包膜的、负链单链RNA病毒，属于副黏病毒科。它被分为4种血清型，编号从1到4（HPIV-1、HPIV-2、HPIV-3和HPIV-4）。血清型4甚至可进一步细分为HPIV-4A和HPIV-4B。HPIV可引起5岁以下儿童、成人、免疫功能低下的成年人及老年人的上呼吸道感染（URTI）和下呼吸道感染（LRTI）。它是全球婴儿发病和死亡的主要原因之一。这些呼吸道病毒最早于20世纪50年代末被发现，当时它们是从患有哮吼的儿童中分离出来的，被称为哮吼相关病毒。尽管HPIV与流感病毒有相似之处，但HPIV是独特的，并且可以很容易地与黏液病毒（流感病毒）区分开来。副流感病毒与流感病毒有一些共同特征，包括抗原位点较少，以及它们在鸡胚中的生长不佳。1959年，发现了第四种血清型，它与之前发现的3种副流感血清型具有相同的标准，于是创建了一个新的病毒家族，称为“副流感病毒”。
