Mohammed Reem H., Bhutta Beenish S.
School of Medicine- Cairo University
Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore
is an immune-mediated multisystem inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the synovial joints. It was first described by Alfred Baring Garrod in the year 1800. The disease can lead to inflammation, joint destruction, deformity, and disability, and may also present with extra-articular manifestations. Inflammatory arthritis involving the small joints of the hands is the most common initial presentation in rheumatoid arthritis. Hand joints commonly involved are the metacarpophalangeal joints, the proximal interphalangeal joints, and the wrist joints. In RA, the arthritis is typically bilateral and symmetrical. Other joints that can be affected in RA are the knees, ankles, elbows, shoulders, metatarsophalangeal joints, the cervical spine, and the temporomandibular joints.
是一种免疫介导的多系统炎症性疾病，主要影响滑膜关节。它于1800年由阿尔弗雷德·巴林·加罗德首次描述。该疾病可导致炎症、关节破坏、畸形和残疾，还可能出现关节外表现。累及手部小关节的炎性关节炎是类风湿性关节炎最常见的初始表现。手部常见受累关节为掌指关节、近端指间关节和腕关节。在类风湿性关节炎中，关节炎通常是双侧对称的。类风湿性关节炎中其他可能受累的关节包括膝关节、踝关节、肘关节、肩关节、跖趾关节、颈椎和颞下颌关节。
