School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Proc Biol Sci. 2020 Aug 26;287(1933):20200956. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0956. Epub 2020 Aug 19.
Forest declines caused by climate disturbance, insect pests and microbial pathogens threaten the global landscape, and tree diseases are increasingly attributed to the emergent properties of complex ecological interactions between the host, microbiota and insects. To address this hypothesis, we combined reductionist approaches (single and polyspecies bacterial cultures) with emergentist approaches (bacterial inoculations in an oak infection model with the addition of insect larvae) to unravel the gene expression landscape and symptom severity of host-microbiota-insect interactions in the acute oak decline (AOD) pathosystem. AOD is a complex decline disease characterized by predisposing abiotic factors, inner bark lesions driven by a bacterial pathobiome, and larval galleries of the bark-boring beetle . We identified expression of key pathogenicity genes in , the dominant member of the AOD pathobiome, tissue-specific gene expression profiles, cooperation with other bacterial pathobiome members in sugar catabolism, and demonstrated amplification of pathogenic gene expression in the presence of larvae. This study highlights the emergent properties of complex host-pathobiota-insect interactions that underlie the pathology of diseases that threaten global forest biomes.
森林衰退是由气候干扰、虫害和微生物病原体引起的，威胁着全球的景观，而树木疾病越来越被归因于宿主、微生物群落和昆虫之间复杂生态相互作用的突现特性。为了解决这一假设，我们将还原论方法（单一和多物种细菌培养）与突现论方法（在添加昆虫幼虫的橡树感染模型中进行细菌接种）相结合，以揭示宿主-微生物群落-昆虫相互作用的基因表达景观和症状严重程度在急性橡树衰退（AOD）病理系统中。AOD 是一种复杂的衰退疾病，其特征是存在诱发非生物因素、由细菌病理生物群驱动的内树皮损伤，以及树皮钻蛀甲虫的幼虫坑道。我们鉴定了 AOD 病理生物群中的主要成员 中关键致病性基因的表达、组织特异性基因表达谱、与其他细菌病理生物群成员在糖代谢中的合作，并证明了在存在 幼虫的情况下致病性基因表达的扩增。这项研究强调了复杂的宿主-病理生物群-昆虫相互作用的突现特性，这些特性是威胁全球森林生物群系的疾病病理学的基础。
