MEDICC Rev. 2020 Jul;22(3):54-56. doi: 10.37757/MR2020.V22.N3.11.
Worldwide, there has been a progressive demographic shift over the past 50 years resulting in a larger proportion of older adults in the general population. Aging itself is a complex biological phenomenon characterized in part by changes in the immune system known as "immunosenescence", which makes older adults more susceptible to infectious, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, as well as cancers. Several strategies have been proposed in an attempt to reverse immunosenescence, including use of hormones, cytokines and thymic factors. A promising drug in the search to restore the thymic microenvironment (which plays an important role in the regulation and maintenance of the immune system) in older adults is Biomodulina T, a Cuban product registered for use in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. The administration of Biomodulina T increases the number of naïve T-lymphocyte, CD4-positive cells that have recently migrated from the thymus gland (recent thymic emigrants) and memory CD8-positive T lymphocytes, which have characteristics akin to stem cells (stem cell-like memory). Furthermore, the expression of programmed cell death 1 protein in CD4-positive T lymphocytes and CD4-positive T lymphocytes decreases, and the proliferative capacity of CD4-positive T lymphocytes increases, without changes in the frequency of regulatory T lymphocytes. These results suggest that the administration of Biomodulina T could be used to restore immunity in older adults and in other immunocompromised individuals, improve response to other immunotherapies in cancer patients, and increase the effi cacy of vaccinations in older adults. Its use has been approved in Cuba for immune system restoration.KEYWORDS Immunosenescence, aging, immunotherapy, immuno-modulation, antineoplastic protocols, Cuba.
在过去的 50 年中，全球人口结构发生了渐进性变化，导致总人口中老年人的比例增加。衰老本身就是一种复杂的生物学现象，其部分特征是免疫系统发生变化，即“免疫衰老”，这使得老年人更容易感染、患心血管和自身免疫性疾病以及癌症。为了逆转免疫衰老，人们提出了几种策略，包括使用激素、细胞因子和胸腺因子。在寻求恢复老年人胸腺微环境（在免疫系统的调节和维持中起着重要作用）的过程中，一种有前途的药物是 Biomodulina T，这是一种古巴产品，已注册用于治疗复发性呼吸道感染。Biomodulina T 的给药增加了幼稚 T 淋巴细胞的数量，这些淋巴细胞是最近从胸腺迁移而来的 CD4 阳性细胞（最近的胸腺移民）和记忆 CD8 阳性 T 淋巴细胞，这些细胞具有类似干细胞的特征（干细胞样记忆）。此外，CD4 阳性 T 淋巴细胞和 CD4 阳性 T 淋巴细胞中程序性细胞死亡蛋白 1 的表达减少，CD4 阳性 T 淋巴细胞的增殖能力增加，而调节性 T 淋巴细胞的频率没有变化。这些结果表明，Biomodulina T 的给药可用于恢复老年人和其他免疫功能低下者的免疫力，改善癌症患者对其他免疫疗法的反应，并提高老年人疫苗的效力。古巴已批准将其用于恢复免疫系统。
关键词 免疫衰老、衰老、免疫疗法、免疫调节、抗肿瘤方案、古巴。
