Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, UK.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2198:3-13. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0876-0_1.
5-Methylcytosine (5mC) is an epigenetic mark known to contribute to the regulation of gene expression in a wide range of biological systems. Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) dioxygenases oxidize 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine in metazoans and fungi. Moreover, two recent reports imply the existence of other species of modified cytosine in unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Here we provide an overview of the spectrum of cytosine modifications and their roles in demethylation of DNA and regulation of gene expression in different eukaryotic organisms.
5-甲基胞嘧啶（5mC）是一种表观遗传标记，已知它在广泛的生物系统中有助于基因表达的调控。Ten Eleven 易位（TET）双加氧酶将 5mC 氧化为 5-羟甲基胞嘧啶、5-甲酰胞嘧啶和 5-羧基胞嘧啶，在后生动物和真菌中。此外，最近的两项报告表明，单细胞藻类衣藻和疟原虫恶性疟原虫中存在其他类型的修饰胞嘧啶。在这里，我们概述了不同真核生物中胞嘧啶修饰的种类及其在 DNA 去甲基化和基因表达调控中的作用。
