Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 13;21(16):5816. doi: 10.3390/ijms21165816.
Large bone defects are a major health concern worldwide. The conventional bone repair techniques (e.g., bone-grafting and Masquelet techniques) have numerous drawbacks, which negatively impact their therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, there is a demand to develop an alternative bone repair approach that can address the existing drawbacks. Bone tissue engineering involving the utilization of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) has recently emerged as a key strategy for the regeneration of damaged bone tissues. However, the use of tissue-engineered bone graft for the clinical treatment of bone defects remains challenging. While the role of mechanical loading in creating a bone graft has been well explored, the effects of mechanical loading factors (e.g., loading types and regime) on clinical outcomes are poorly understood. This review summarizes the effects of mechanical loading on hMSCs for bone tissue engineering applications. First, we discuss the key assays for assessing the quality of tissue-engineered bone grafts, including specific staining, as well as gene and protein expression of osteogenic markers. Recent studies of the impact of mechanical loading on hMSCs, including compression, perfusion, vibration and stretching, along with the potential mechanotransduction signalling pathways, are subsequently reviewed. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and prospects of bone tissue engineering applications.
大骨缺损是全球范围内的一个主要健康问题。传统的骨修复技术（如植骨和 Masquelet 技术）存在许多缺点，这对其治疗效果产生了负面影响。因此，需要开发一种替代的骨修复方法来解决现有缺点。涉及利用人骨髓间充质干细胞（hMSCs）的骨组织工程学最近已成为受损骨组织再生的关键策略。然而，组织工程化骨移植物在临床治疗骨缺损方面的应用仍具有挑战性。尽管机械加载在创造骨移植物方面的作用已经得到了充分的探索，但机械加载因素（如加载类型和方案）对临床结果的影响仍知之甚少。本综述总结了机械加载对用于骨组织工程应用的 hMSCs 的影响。首先，我们讨论了评估组织工程化骨移植物质量的关键检测方法，包括特定染色以及成骨标志物的基因和蛋白表达。随后回顾了机械加载对 hMSCs 的影响的最新研究，包括压缩、灌注、振动和拉伸以及潜在的机械转导信号通路。最后，我们讨论了骨组织工程应用的挑战和前景。
