Skinner William S, Ong Keat Ghee
Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Aug 14;20(16):4568. doi: 10.3390/s20164568.
In high concentrations, ionic species can be toxic in the body, catalyzing unwanted bioreactions, inhibiting enzymes, generating free radicals, in addition to having been associated with diseases like Alzheimer's and cancer. Although ionic species are ubiquitous in the environment in trace amounts, high concentrations of these metals are often found within industrial and agricultural waste runoff. Therefore, it remains a global interest to develop technologies capable of quickly and accurately detecting trace levels of ionic species, particularly in aqueous environments that naturally contain other competing/inhibiting ions. Herein, we provide an overview of the technologies that have been developed, including the general theory, design, and benefits/challenges associated with ion-selective electrode technologies (carrier-doped membranes, carbon-based varieties, enzyme inhibition electrodes). Notable variations of these electrodes will be highlighted, and a brief overview of associated electrochemical techniques will be given.
在高浓度下，离子物种在体内可能具有毒性，会催化不必要的生物反应、抑制酶、产生自由基，此外还与阿尔茨海默病和癌症等疾病有关。尽管离子物种在环境中微量普遍存在，但在工业和农业废水径流中经常发现高浓度的这些金属。因此，开发能够快速准确检测痕量离子物种的技术仍然是全球关注的焦点，特别是在天然含有其他竞争性/抑制性离子的水性环境中。在此，我们概述了已开发的技术，包括与离子选择性电极技术（载体掺杂膜、碳基品种、酶抑制电极）相关的一般理论、设计以及优点/挑战。将突出这些电极的显著变体，并简要概述相关的电化学技术。
