Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 16;21(16):5884. doi: 10.3390/ijms21165884.
Soybeans are one of the most used alternative dietary ingredients in aquafeeds. However, they contain phytoestrogens like genistein (GE), which can have an impact on fish metabolism and health. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of GE on lipid metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy in rainbow trout (). Primary cultured preadipocytes were incubated with GE at different concentrations, 10 or 100 μM, and 1 μM 17β-estradiol (E2). Furthermore, juveniles received an intraperitoneal injection of GE at 5 or 50 µg/g body weight, or E2 at 5 µg/g. In vitro, GE 100 μM increased lipid accumulation and reduced cell viability, apparently involving an autophagic process, indicated by the higher LC3-II protein levels, and higher and transcript levels achieved after GE 10 μM. In vivo, GE 50 µg/g upregulated the gene expression of fatty acid synthase () and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in adipose tissue, suggesting enhanced lipogenesis, whereas it increased hormone-sensitive lipase in liver, indicating a lipolytic response. Besides, autophagy-related genes increased in the tissues analyzed mainly after GE 50 µg/g treatment. Overall, these findings suggest that an elevated GE administration could lead to impaired adipocyte viability and lipid metabolism dysregulation in rainbow trout.
大豆是水产饲料中使用最广泛的替代饲料成分之一。然而，它们含有植物雌激素，如染料木黄酮（GE），这可能对鱼类的新陈代谢和健康产生影响。本研究旨在研究 GE 对虹鳟（）脂质代谢、细胞凋亡和自噬的体外和体内影响。原代培养的前体脂肪细胞用不同浓度的 GE（10 或 100 μM）和 1 μM 17β-雌二醇（E2）孵育。此外，给幼鱼腹腔内注射 GE（5 或 50 µg/g 体重）或 E2（5 µg/g）。在体外，100 μM 的 GE 增加了脂肪堆积并降低了细胞活力，显然涉及自噬过程，这可以通过更高的 LC3-II 蛋白水平和 GE 10 μM 处理后更高的 和 转录水平来证明。在体内，50 µg/g 的 GE 上调了脂肪组织中脂肪酸合成酶（）和甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶的基因表达，表明脂肪生成增强，而肝脏中激素敏感脂肪酶增加，表明脂肪分解反应。此外，在主要用 50 µg/g 的 GE 处理后，组织中的自噬相关基因增加。总的来说，这些发现表明，GE 的剂量增加可能导致虹鳟脂肪细胞活力受损和脂质代谢失调。
