Ahnoux-Zabsonre A, Meda R, Diallo J W, Djiguimde W P, Sanou J, Meda-Hien G, Sankara P, Diomandé A
Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
J Fr Ophtalmol. 2020 Nov;43(9):907-912. doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.01.015. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
Childhood blindness is a public health problem in developing countries. The goal of this study was to focus on the epidemiological and clinical patterns of moderate to severe, uni- or bilateral childhood blindness and severe visual impairment in the ophthalmology department of Yalgado Ouedraogo university hospital (YOUH) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional analytic study based on retrospective data in the ophthalmology department of YOUH from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014. It included cases of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment (World Health Organisation: WHO) in children 0-15 years of age. The studied variables were sociodemographic and clinical data, visual outcomes, and avoidable aspects of their blindness (WHO).
The prevalence of uni- or bilateral childhood blindness and severe visual impairment was 4.36% (398 cases out of 9125 children). The male/female ratio was 1.70. The mean age was 9±4 years old; 54% of children were school-age boys and girls; the most frequent causes among the 398 patients were traumatic (46.98%), infectious (12.31%) or congenital (10.05%). Most of the ocular injuries occured in boys (P<0.05) and school children (P<0.05). The injured structures resulting in childhood visual impairment were primarily the lens (30.65%) and the globe (27.64%). Childhood blindness and severe visual impairment were considered avoidable in 80.65% of cases. The type of visual disability was related to age, especially school age (P<0.0001) and to avoidability (P<0.05).
Given the high prevalence of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment, early, effective management and preventive strategies should be employed.
儿童失明是发展中国家的一个公共卫生问题。本研究的目的是聚焦于布基纳法索瓦加杜古的亚尔加杜·韦德拉奥果大学医院眼科中，中度至重度、单眼或双眼儿童失明及严重视力损害的流行病学和临床模式。
我们基于2010年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间亚尔加杜·韦德拉奥果大学医院眼科的回顾性数据，开展了一项描述性横断面分析研究。研究对象包括0至15岁儿童中的儿童失明及严重视力损害病例（世界卫生组织：WHO）。研究变量包括社会人口统计学和临床数据、视力结果以及失明的可避免因素（WHO）。
单眼或双眼儿童失明及严重视力损害的患病率为4.36%（9125名儿童中有398例）。男女比例为1.70。平均年龄为9±4岁；54%的儿童为学龄期男孩和女孩；398例患者中最常见的病因是创伤性（46.98%）、感染性（12.31%）或先天性（10.05%）。大多数眼外伤发生在男孩（P<0.05）和学龄儿童中（P<0.05）。导致儿童视力损害的受损结构主要是晶状体（30.65%）和眼球（27.64%）。80.65%的儿童失明和严重视力损害病例被认为是可避免的。视力残疾类型与年龄相关，尤其是学龄期（P<0.0001），也与可避免性相关（P<0.05）。
鉴于儿童失明和严重视力损害的高患病率，应采用早期、有效的管理和预防策略。
